Chemical Engineering Exam > Chemical Engineering Questions > On addition of solute in the solvent, the ___...
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On addition of solute in the solvent, the __________ of the solution decreases.
- a)boiling point
- b)freezing point
- c)vapour pressure
- d)both (b) and (c)
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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On addition of solute in the solvent, the __________ of the solution d...
The correct answer is option D, which states that both the freezing point and vapor pressure of the solution decrease upon addition of solute in the solvent.
When a solute is added to a solvent, it disrupts the regular arrangement of solvent molecules and forms intermolecular interactions with them. This disrupts the solvent's ability to form a solid lattice structure during freezing and reduces the number of solvent molecules available to escape into the vapor phase during vaporization.
Below is an explanation of how the freezing point and vapor pressure are affected by the addition of solute:
1. Freezing Point Depression:
- The freezing point of a solvent is the temperature at which it changes from a liquid to a solid state.
- When a solute is added to a solvent, it lowers the freezing point of the solvent, resulting in a freezing point depression.
- This occurs because the solute molecules occupy space between the solvent molecules, preventing them from arranging into a regular lattice structure.
- As a result, a lower temperature is required to overcome the intermolecular forces and form a solid.
- The extent of freezing point depression depends on the concentration of the solute. Higher solute concentrations lead to greater depression of the freezing point.
2. Vapor Pressure Lowering:
- The vapor pressure of a solvent is the pressure exerted by its vapor phase at a given temperature.
- When a solute is added to a solvent, it reduces the vapor pressure of the solvent, resulting in a lowering of the vapor pressure.
- This occurs because the solute molecules occupy space on the surface of the solvent, reducing the number of solvent molecules available to escape into the vapor phase.
- As a result, a lower vapor pressure is observed for the solution compared to the pure solvent.
- The extent of vapor pressure lowering depends on the concentration of the solute. Higher solute concentrations lead to greater lowering of the vapor pressure.
In summary, the addition of a solute to a solvent leads to a decrease in both the freezing point and vapor pressure of the solution. This phenomenon is known as colligative properties and is dependent on the concentration of the solute.
When a solute is added to a solvent, it disrupts the regular arrangement of solvent molecules and forms intermolecular interactions with them. This disrupts the solvent's ability to form a solid lattice structure during freezing and reduces the number of solvent molecules available to escape into the vapor phase during vaporization.
Below is an explanation of how the freezing point and vapor pressure are affected by the addition of solute:
1. Freezing Point Depression:
- The freezing point of a solvent is the temperature at which it changes from a liquid to a solid state.
- When a solute is added to a solvent, it lowers the freezing point of the solvent, resulting in a freezing point depression.
- This occurs because the solute molecules occupy space between the solvent molecules, preventing them from arranging into a regular lattice structure.
- As a result, a lower temperature is required to overcome the intermolecular forces and form a solid.
- The extent of freezing point depression depends on the concentration of the solute. Higher solute concentrations lead to greater depression of the freezing point.
2. Vapor Pressure Lowering:
- The vapor pressure of a solvent is the pressure exerted by its vapor phase at a given temperature.
- When a solute is added to a solvent, it reduces the vapor pressure of the solvent, resulting in a lowering of the vapor pressure.
- This occurs because the solute molecules occupy space on the surface of the solvent, reducing the number of solvent molecules available to escape into the vapor phase.
- As a result, a lower vapor pressure is observed for the solution compared to the pure solvent.
- The extent of vapor pressure lowering depends on the concentration of the solute. Higher solute concentrations lead to greater lowering of the vapor pressure.
In summary, the addition of a solute to a solvent leads to a decrease in both the freezing point and vapor pressure of the solution. This phenomenon is known as colligative properties and is dependent on the concentration of the solute.
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On addition of solute in the solvent, the __________ of the solution decreases.a)boiling pointb)freezing pointc)vapour pressured)both (b) and (c)Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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