Pick out the wrong statement.a)The concentric atmosphere layer just ab...
**Explanation:**
The wrong statement is option D, which states that radio waves used in long-distance radio communication are reflected back to Earth by the stratosphere.
Here is a detailed explanation of why this statement is incorrect:
**1. Stratosphere and its characteristics:**
- The stratosphere is the second layer of the Earth's atmosphere, located just above the troposphere.
- It extends from approximately 10 to 50 kilometers above the Earth's surface.
- The stratosphere is characterized by the presence of the ozone layer, which absorbs the majority of the Sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
- Due to the presence of ozone, the stratosphere temperature increases with altitude, which is opposite to the temperature decrease with altitude in the troposphere.
**2. Reflection of radio waves:**
- Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic radiation that is used for long-distance communication.
- For long-distance communication, radio waves are transmitted from a transmitting antenna and received by a receiving antenna.
- The waves propagate through the atmosphere and can be affected by various factors such as atmospheric conditions, frequency, and distance.
**3. Propagation of radio waves:**
- Radio waves can propagate through the atmosphere by two main mechanisms: ground wave propagation and sky wave propagation.
- Ground wave propagation refers to the transmission of radio waves along the Earth's surface. It is commonly used for short-range communication.
- Sky wave propagation refers to the transmission of radio waves into the upper atmosphere, where they can be reflected back to Earth by the ionosphere.
- The ionosphere is a region of the Earth's atmosphere that contains a high concentration of ions and free electrons. It is located between approximately 60 and 1,000 kilometers above the Earth's surface.
- The ionosphere can reflect certain frequencies of radio waves back to Earth, allowing for long-distance communication.
**4. Stratosphere and radio wave propagation:**
- The stratosphere, although rich in ozone, does not play a significant role in the reflection of radio waves.
- Radio waves used in long-distance communication primarily interact with the ionosphere, not the stratosphere.
- The ionosphere, specifically the layers known as the D, E, and F regions, is responsible for reflecting radio waves back to Earth.
- The D region is the lowest ionospheric layer, located approximately 60 to 90 kilometers above the Earth's surface.
- The E and F regions are located at higher altitudes and can reflect higher frequency radio waves.
In conclusion, the statement in option D is incorrect because radio waves used in long-distance communication are reflected back to Earth by the ionosphere, not the stratosphere. The stratosphere, although rich in ozone, does not significantly contribute to the reflection of radio waves.