The correct answer is b) Iraq.

Baghdad, the capital city of Iraq, is located in the central part of the country on the banks of the Tigris River. With a history dating back over a thousand years, Baghdad has served as the capital of various empires and has played a significant role in shaping the region's political, cultural, and economic landscape.

**Historical Significance of Baghdad:**

- The foundation of Baghdad can be traced back to the 8th century when it was established as the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate. This era marked the Golden Age of Islam, where the city became a center of learning, art, and science.

- During the reign of the Abbasid Caliphate, Baghdad flourished as a bustling metropolis, attracting scholars, philosophers, and traders from different parts of the world. It became renowned as a hub of intellectual and cultural exchange.

- Baghdad's strategic location on the Silk Road, an ancient trade route connecting Europe and Asia, contributed to its prosperity. The city became a major commercial center, facilitating trade between East and West.

**Modern Baghdad:**

- In the 20th century, Baghdad continued to grow and develop as the capital of Iraq. It witnessed significant urbanization and modernization, with the establishment of infrastructure, government institutions, and industries.

- However, Baghdad has also faced numerous challenges throughout its history. The city has been affected by various conflicts, including the Iran-Iraq War, the Gulf War, and the Iraq War. These conflicts have caused significant destruction and loss of life in the city.

- Despite the challenges, Baghdad remains an important cultural and political center in the Middle East. It is home to numerous historical sites, such as the famous Al-Mustansiriya School, the Abbasid Palace, and the famous Al-Mutanabbi Street, known for its vibrant book market.

**Conclusion:**

Baghdad's historical significance, cultural heritage, and political importance make it a crucial city in the Middle East. While options a) Iran, c) Burma, and d) Philippines have their own capitals, it is Iraq that is associated with Baghdad as its capital city.