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In addition of halogen (Bromine) to an alkene, how can we isolate a bromonium in the reaction?
- a)increasing concentration of bromide ion
- b)decreasing concentration of bromide ion
- c)alkene with cation stabilising groups
- d)alkene with less electrophilic centre
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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Most Upvoted Answer
In addition of halogen (Bromine) to an alkene, how can we isolate a br...
**Explanation:**
When a halogen, such as bromine, is added to an alkene, a bromonium ion intermediate is formed. This intermediate is a three-membered ring with a positive charge on the bromine atom. The bromonium ion is highly reactive and can undergo further reactions, such as attack by a nucleophile, to form a new compound.
To isolate the bromonium ion in the reaction, we need conditions that stabilize the formation of this intermediate. The correct answer is option 'C', which states that using an alkene with cation stabilizing groups can help in isolating the bromonium ion.
**Cation Stabilizing Groups:**
Cation stabilizing groups are electron donating groups that can stabilize positive charges. These groups can donate electron density to the positively charged carbon atom in the bromonium ion, making it more stable. This stabilization prevents the bromonium ion from undergoing further reactions and allows it to be isolated.
**Examples of Cation Stabilizing Groups:**
Some examples of cation stabilizing groups include:
- Alkyl groups (-CH3, -C2H5, etc.)
- Aryl groups (-Ph, -C6H5, etc.)
- Oxygen-containing groups (-OR, -OH, etc.)
- Nitrogen-containing groups (-NR2, -NH2, etc.)
- Halogen atoms (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I)
**Effect of Cation Stabilizing Groups:**
When the alkene contains cation stabilizing groups, these groups can donate electron density to the positively charged carbon atom in the bromonium ion. This donation of electron density helps to stabilize the positive charge, making the bromonium ion more stable. As a result, the bromonium ion is less likely to undergo further reactions and can be isolated.
**Conclusion:**
Using an alkene with cation stabilizing groups is the correct answer because these groups can donate electron density to stabilize the bromonium ion intermediate. This stabilization prevents the bromonium ion from undergoing further reactions and allows it to be isolated. Other factors, such as the concentration of bromide ion or the electrophilicity of the alkene, do not directly affect the isolation of the bromonium ion.
When a halogen, such as bromine, is added to an alkene, a bromonium ion intermediate is formed. This intermediate is a three-membered ring with a positive charge on the bromine atom. The bromonium ion is highly reactive and can undergo further reactions, such as attack by a nucleophile, to form a new compound.
To isolate the bromonium ion in the reaction, we need conditions that stabilize the formation of this intermediate. The correct answer is option 'C', which states that using an alkene with cation stabilizing groups can help in isolating the bromonium ion.
**Cation Stabilizing Groups:**
Cation stabilizing groups are electron donating groups that can stabilize positive charges. These groups can donate electron density to the positively charged carbon atom in the bromonium ion, making it more stable. This stabilization prevents the bromonium ion from undergoing further reactions and allows it to be isolated.
**Examples of Cation Stabilizing Groups:**
Some examples of cation stabilizing groups include:
- Alkyl groups (-CH3, -C2H5, etc.)
- Aryl groups (-Ph, -C6H5, etc.)
- Oxygen-containing groups (-OR, -OH, etc.)
- Nitrogen-containing groups (-NR2, -NH2, etc.)
- Halogen atoms (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I)
**Effect of Cation Stabilizing Groups:**
When the alkene contains cation stabilizing groups, these groups can donate electron density to the positively charged carbon atom in the bromonium ion. This donation of electron density helps to stabilize the positive charge, making the bromonium ion more stable. As a result, the bromonium ion is less likely to undergo further reactions and can be isolated.
**Conclusion:**
Using an alkene with cation stabilizing groups is the correct answer because these groups can donate electron density to stabilize the bromonium ion intermediate. This stabilization prevents the bromonium ion from undergoing further reactions and allows it to be isolated. Other factors, such as the concentration of bromide ion or the electrophilicity of the alkene, do not directly affect the isolation of the bromonium ion.
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Community Answer
In addition of halogen (Bromine) to an alkene, how can we isolate a br...
A bromo-carbenium ion intermediate may be predominant instead of vicinyl dibromide if the alkene has a cation-stabilizing substituent like phenyl group. There is an example of the isolation of the bromonium ion.
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In addition of halogen (Bromine) to an alkene, how can we isolate a bromonium in the reaction?a)increasing concentration of bromide ionb)decreasing concentration of bromide ionc)alkene with cation stabilising groupsd)alkene with less electrophilic centreCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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