Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.Absolute Liability: If an industry or enterprise is engaged in some inherently dangerous activity from which it is deriving commercial gain and that activity is capable of causing catastrophic damage then the industry officials are absolutely liable to pay compensation to the aggrieved parties. The industry cannot plead that all safety measures were taken care of by them and that there was negligence on their part. They will not be allowed any exceptions neither can they take up any defence like that of 'Act of God' or 'Act of Stranger'.Strict Liability: The Strict Liability principle is also called as 'No Fault Liability'. This is contradictory to the general principle of negligence in torts where a person can be held liable for commission of a tort only when the plaintiff can prove negligence on his part and the defendant himself is unable to disprove it. In the cases that I will now mention, the onus of being negligent can be ignored. In spite of all due care taken by the defendant, he will invariably be held for the consequences of the damages caused to any person outside of the boundary of the defendant's land by any hazardous thing that he maintained on the same stretch of land i.e. in spite of no intentional or unintentional fault of his, the defendant can be held liable hence, explaining the term 'No Fault Liability'. The earlier stated definition remains half done if the following terms are not emphasised upon:-Dangerous Thing: According to the above mentioned rule, the liability of escape of a thing from a person's land will arise only when the thing or substance collected is a dangerous thing i.e. a thing which is likely to cause mischief or damage to other people in person or their property on its escape. In various torts cases filed worldwide,liability have held "large body of water, gas, electricity, vibrations, yewEscape: The thing that has caused damage or mischief must 'escape' from the area under the occupation and control of the defendant.Non-natural use of land: Water collected on land for domestic purposes does not amount to non-natural use of land but storing it in huge quantity like that in a reservoir amounts to non-natural use of the land (Rylands vs. Fletcher). This distinction between natural and non-natural use of land can be made possible by its adjustment to existing social conditions. Growing of trees is held natural use of land but if the defendant is found to grow trees of poisonous nature on his land, then it is non-natural use of the land. If the land has been used naturally yet a conflict has risen between the defendant and the plaintiff, owing to natural use of land, the court will not hold the defendant liable.Mischief: To make the defendant liable under the doctrine of strict liability, the plaintiff needs to prove that the defendant made non-natural use of his land and escape of the dangerous thing caused mischief/damage to him. The resultant damage needs to be shown by the plaintiff after successfully proving that unnatural use of the land was done by the defendant.Q. T took on rent a shop in the SC's premises after full knowledge of the fact that he had a theatre and rehearsal room attached to the same premises. The theatre had a water storage mechanism in case of an emergency. Unfortunately, the water container burst due to excessive frost, and the water leaked into the T's shop thereby damaging his goods. He sued S for payment of damages suffered by him.a)S is liable for damages caused to Tb)S is not liable as T had impliedly consented to the danger by taking the premises on rentc)Default of S amounts to absolute liabilityd)None of theseCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

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Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

Absolute Liability: If an industry or enterprise is engaged in some inherently dangerous activity from which it is deriving commercial gain and that activity is capable of causing catastrophic damage then the industry officials are absolutely liable to pay compensation to the aggrieved parties. The industry cannot plead that all safety measures were taken care of by them and that there was negligence on their part. They will not be allowed any exceptions neither can they take up any defence like that of 'Act of God' or 'Act of Stranger'.

Strict Liability: The Strict Liability principle is also called as 'No Fault Liability'. This is contradictory to the general principle of negligence in torts where a person can be held liable for commission of a tort only when the plaintiff can prove negligence on his part and the defendant himself is unable to disprove it. In the cases that I will now mention, the onus of being negligent can be ignored. In spite of all due care taken by the defendant, he will invariably be held for the consequences of the damages caused to any person outside of the boundary of the defendant's land by any hazardous thing that he maintained on the same stretch of land i.e. in spite of no intentional or unintentional fault of his, the defendant can be held liable hence, explaining the term 'No Fault Liability'. The earlier stated definition remains half done if the following terms are not emphasised upon:-

Dangerous Thing: According to the above mentioned rule, the liability of escape of a thing from a person's land will arise only when the thing or substance collected is a dangerous thing i.e. a thing which is likely to cause mischief or damage to other people in person or their property on its escape. In various torts cases filed worldwide,liability have held "large body of water, gas, electricity, vibrations, yew

Escape: The thing that has caused damage or mischief must 'escape' from the area under the occupation and control of the defendant.

Non-natural use of land: Water collected on land for domestic purposes does not amount to non-natural use of land but storing it in huge quantity like that in a reservoir amounts to non-natural use of the land (Rylands vs. Fletcher). This distinction between natural and non-natural use of land can be made possible by its adjustment to existing social conditions. Growing of trees is held natural use of land but if the defendant is found to grow trees of poisonous nature on his land, then it is non-natural use of the land. If the land has been used naturally yet a conflict has risen between the defendant and the plaintiff, owing to natural use of land, the court will not hold the defendant liable.

Mischief: To make the defendant liable under the doctrine of strict liability, the plaintiff needs to prove that the defendant made non-natural use of his land and escape of the dangerous thing caused mischief/damage to him. The resultant damage needs to be shown by the plaintiff after successfully proving that unnatural use of the land was done by the defendant.

Q. T took on rent a shop in the SC's premises after full knowledge of the fact that he had a theatre and rehearsal room attached to the same premises. The theatre had a water storage mechanism in case of an emergency. Unfortunately, the water container burst due to excessive frost, and the water leaked into the T's shop thereby damaging his goods. He sued S for payment of damages suffered by him.

a)
S is liable for damages caused to T
b)
S is not liable as T had impliedly consented to the danger by taking the premises on rent
c)
Default of S amounts to absolute liability
d)
None of these

Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

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Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.Abs...

This is the most appropriate answer to the given question.

According to the context of the passage, when the plaintiff has either expressly or impliedly consented to the presence of a source of danger and also there has been no negligence on the defendant's part, the defendant will not be held liable. It is basically the defence of "Volenti non fit injuria' taken by the defendant in the court. Hence, in this case S is not liable as the plaintiff had impliedly consented to the presence of the dangers of a water storage tank situated right next to his shop by taking the defendant's premises on rent.

Therefore, this is the correct option.

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Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.Absolute Liability: If an industry or enterprise is engaged in some inherently dangerous activity from which it is deriving commercial gain and that activity is capable of causing catastrophic damage then the industry officials are absolutely liable to pay compensation to the aggrieved parties. The industry cannot plead that all safety measures were taken care of by them and that there was negligence on their part. They will not be allowed any exceptions neither can they take up any defence like that of 'Act of God' or 'Act of Stranger'.Strict Liability: The Strict Liability principle is also called as 'No Fault Liability'. This is contradictory to the general principle of negligence in torts where a person can be held liable for commission of a tort only when the plaintiff can prove negligence on his part and the defendant himself is unable to disprove it. In the cases that I will now mention, the onus of being negligent can be ignored. In spite of all due care taken by the defendant, he will invariably be held for the consequences of the damages caused to any person outside of the boundary of the defendant's land by any hazardous thing that he maintained on the same stretch of land i.e. in spite of no intentional or unintentional fault of his, the defendant can be held liable hence, explaining the term 'No Fault Liability'. The earlier stated definition remains half done if the following terms are not emphasised upon:-Dangerous Thing: According to the above mentioned rule, the liability of escape of a thing from a person's land will arise only when the thing or substance collected is a dangerous thing i.e. a thing which is likely to cause mischief or damage to other people in person or their property on its escape. In various torts cases filed worldwide,liability have held "large body of water, gas, electricity, vibrations, yewEscape: The thing that has caused damage or mischief must 'escape' from the area under the occupation and control of the defendant.Non-natural use of land: Water collected on land for domestic purposes does not amount to non-natural use of land but storing it in huge quantity like that in a reservoir amounts to non-natural use of the land (Rylands vs. Fletcher). This distinction between natural and non-natural use of land can be made possible by its adjustment to existing social conditions. Growing of trees is held natural use of land but if the defendant is found to grow trees of poisonous nature on his land, then it is non-natural use of the land. If the land has been used naturally yet a conflict has risen between the defendant and the plaintiff, owing to natural use of land, the court will not hold the defendant liable.Mischief: To make the defendant liable under the doctrine of strict liability, the plaintiff needs to prove that the defendant made non-natural use of his land and escape of the dangerous thing caused mischief/damage to him. The resultant damage needs to be shown by the plaintiff after successfully proving that unnatural use of the land was done by the defendant.Q. A worked as an employee in a company owned by B, while she was on duty within the premises of the company, something exploded due to which A suffered injuries. A filed a case with the company. Decide.

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Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.Absolute Liability: If an industry or enterprise is engaged in some inherently dangerous activity from which it is deriving commercial gain and that activity is capable of causing catastrophic damage then the industry officials are absolutely liable to pay compensation to the aggrieved parties. The industry cannot plead that all safety measures were taken care of by them and that there was negligence on their part. They will not be allowed any exceptions neither can they take up any defence like that of 'Act of God' or 'Act of Stranger'.Strict Liability: The Strict Liability principle is also called as 'No Fault Liability'. This is contradictory to the general principle of negligence in torts where a person can be held liable for commission of a tort only when the plaintiff can prove negligence on his part and the defendant himself is unable to disprove it. In the cases that I will now mention, the onus of being negligent can be ignored. In spite of all due care taken by the defendant, he will invariably be held for the consequences of the damages caused to any person outside of the boundary of the defendant's land by any hazardous thing that he maintained on the same stretch of land i.e. in spite of no intentional or unintentional fault of his, the defendant can be held liable hence, explaining the term 'No Fault Liability'. The earlier stated definition remains half done if the following terms are not emphasised upon:-Dangerous Thing: According to the above mentioned rule, the liability of escape of a thing from a person's land will arise only when the thing or substance collected is a dangerous thing i.e. a thing which is likely to cause mischief or damage to other people in person or their property on its escape. In various torts cases filed worldwide, liability have held "large body of water, gas, electricity, vibrations, yewEscape: The thing that has caused damage or mischief must 'escape' from the area under the occupation and control of the defendant.Non-natural use of land: Water collected on land for domestic purposes does not amount to non-natural use of land but storing it in huge quantity like that in a reservoir amounts to non-natural use of the land (Rylands vs. Fletcher). This distinction between natural and non-natural use of land can be made possible by its adjustment to existing social conditions. Growing of trees is held natural use of land but if the defendant is found to grow trees of poisonous nature on his land, then it is non-natural use of the land. If the land has been used naturally yet a conflict has risen between the defendant and the plaintiff, owing to natural use of land, the court will not hold the defendant liable.Mischief: To make the defendant liable under the doctrine of strict liability, the plaintiff needs to prove that the defendant made non-natural use of his land and escape of the dangerous thing caused mischief/damage to him. The resultant damage needs to be shown by the plaintiff after successfully proving that unnatural use of the land was done by the defendant.Q. V had some artificial lakes that he had formed by damming up a natural stream for several years. However, an extraordinary rainfall that year was greater and more violent than any rainfall ever witnessed there broke the artificial embankments by the stream, and the rushing water carried away with it four bridges of the land of Z.

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Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.Absolute Liability: If an industry or enterprise is engaged in some inherently dangerous activity from which it is deriving commercial gain and that activity is capable of causing catastrophic damage then the industry officials are absolutely liable to pay compensation to the aggrieved parties. The industry cannot plead that all safety measures were taken care of by them and that there was negligence on their part. They will not be allowed any exceptions neither can they take up any defence like that of 'Act of God' or 'Act of Stranger'.Strict Liability: The Strict Liability principle is also called as 'No Fault Liability'. This is contradictory to the general principle of negligence in torts where a person can be held liable for commission of a tort only when the plaintiff can prove negligence on his part and the defendant himself is unable to disprove it. In the cases that I will now mention, the onus of being negligent can be ignored. In spite of all due care taken by the defendant, he will invariably be held for the consequences of the damages caused to any person outside of the boundary of the defendant's land by any hazardous thing that he maintained on the same stretch of land i.e. in spite of no intentional or unintentional fault of his, the defendant can be held liable hence, explaining the term 'No Fault Liability'. The earlier stated definition remains half done if the following terms are not emphasised upon:-Dangerous Thing: According to the above mentioned rule, the liability of escape of a thing from a person's land will arise only when the thing or substance collected is a dangerous thing i.e. a thing which is likely to cause mischief or damage to other people in person or their property on its escape. In various torts cases filed worldwide,liability have held "large body of water, gas, electricity, vibrations, yewEscape: The thing that has caused damage or mischief must 'escape' from the area under the occupation and control of the defendant.Non-natural use of land: Water collected on land for domestic purposes does not amount to non-natural use of land but storing it in huge quantity like that in a reservoir amounts to non-natural use of the land (Rylands vs. Fletcher). This distinction between natural and non-natural use of land can be made possible by its adjustment to existing social conditions. Growing of trees is held natural use of land but if the defendant is found to grow trees of poisonous nature on his land, then it is non-natural use of the land. If the land has been used naturally yet a conflict has risen between the defendant and the plaintiff, owing to natural use of land, the court will not hold the defendant liable.Mischief: To make the defendant liable under the doctrine of strict liability, the plaintiff needs to prove that the defendant made non-natural use of his land and escape of the dangerous thing caused mischief/damage to him. The resultant damage needs to be shown by the plaintiff after successfully proving that unnatural use of the land was done by the defendant.Q. There was spontaneous growth of thistle plants in the land owned by X. He did not check the growth of this undesired vegetation which was extending to the Y's land also only to cause him annoyance and damage. Y filed a suit against X.

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Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.Absolute Liability: If an industry or enterprise is engaged in some inherently dangerous activity from which it is deriving commercial gain and that activity is capable of causing catastrophic damage then the industry officials are absolutely liable to pay compensation to the aggrieved parties. The industry cannot plead that all safety measures were taken care of by them and that there was negligence on their part. They will not be allowed any exceptions neither can they take up any defence like that of 'Act of God' or 'Act of Stranger'.Strict Liability: The Strict Liability principle is also called as 'No Fault Liability'. This is contradictory to the general principle of negligence in torts where a person can be held liable for commission of a tort only when the plaintiff can prove negligence on his part and the defendant himself is unable to disprove it. In the cases that I will now mention, the onus of being negligent can be ignored. In spite of all due care taken by the defendant, he will invariably be held for the consequences of the damages caused to any person outside of the boundary of the defendant's land by any hazardous thing that he maintained on the same stretch of land i.e. in spite of no intentional or unintentional fault of his, the defendant can be held liable hence, explaining the term 'No Fault Liability'. The earlier stated definition remains half done if the following terms are not emphasised upon:-Dangerous Thing: According to the above mentioned rule, the liability of escape of a thing from a person's land will arise only when the thing or substance collected is a dangerous thing i.e. a thing which is likely to cause mischief or damage to other people in person or their property on its escape. In various torts cases filed worldwide,liability have held "large body of water, gas, electricity, vibrations, yewEscape: The thing that has caused damage or mischief must 'escape' from the area under the occupation and control of the defendant.Non-natural use of land: Water collected on land for domestic purposes does not amount to non-natural use of land but storing it in huge quantity like that in a reservoir amounts to non-natural use of the land (Rylands vs. Fletcher). This distinction between natural and non-natural use of land can be made possible by its adjustment to existing social conditions. Growing of trees is held natural use of land but if the defendant is found to grow trees of poisonous nature on his land, then it is non-natural use of the land. If the land has been used naturally yet a conflict has risen between the defendant and the plaintiff, owing to natural use of land, the court will not hold the defendant liable.Mischief: To make the defendant liable under the doctrine of strict liability, the plaintiff needs to prove that the defendant made non-natural use of his land and escape of the dangerous thing caused mischief/damage to him. The resultant damage needs to be shown by the plaintiff after successfully proving that unnatural use of the land was done by the defendant.Q. When the master is held liable for the wrongful act of his servant, the liability is called

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Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.Absolute Liability: If an industry or enterprise is engaged in some inherently dangerous activity from which it is deriving commercial gain and that activity is capable of causing catastrophic damage then the industry officials are absolutely liable to pay compensation to the aggrieved parties. The industry cannot plead that all safety measures were taken care of by them and that there was negligence on their part. They will not be allowed any exceptions neither can they take up any defence like that of 'Act of God' or 'Act of Stranger'.Strict Liability: The Strict Liability principle is also called as 'No Fault Liability'. This is contradictory to the general principle of negligence in torts where a person can be held liable for commission of a tort only when the plaintiff can prove negligence on his part and the defendant himself is unable to disprove it. In the cases that I will now mention, the onus of being negligent can be ignored. In spite of all due care taken by the defendant, he will invariably be held for the consequences of the damages caused to any person outside of the boundary of the defendant's land by any hazardous thing that he maintained on the same stretch of land i.e. in spite of no intentional or unintentional fault of his, the defendant can be held liable hence, explaining the term 'No Fault Liability'. The earlier stated definition remains half done if the following terms are not emphasised upon:-Dangerous Thing: According to the above mentioned rule, the liability of escape of a thing from a person's land will arise only when the thing or substance collected is a dangerous thing i.e. a thing which is likely to cause mischief or damage to other people in person or their property on its escape. In various torts cases filed worldwide,liability have held "large body of water, gas, electricity, vibrations, yewEscape: The thing that has caused damage or mischief must 'escape' from the area under the occupation and control of the defendant.Non-natural use of land: Water collected on land for domestic purposes does not amount to non-natural use of land but storing it in huge quantity like that in a reservoir amounts to non-natural use of the land (Rylands vs. Fletcher). This distinction between natural and non-natural use of land can be made possible by its adjustment to existing social conditions. Growing of trees is held natural use of land but if the defendant is found to grow trees of poisonous nature on his land, then it is non-natural use of the land. If the land has been used naturally yet a conflict has risen between the defendant and the plaintiff, owing to natural use of land, the court will not hold the defendant liable.Mischief: To make the defendant liable under the doctrine of strict liability, the plaintiff needs to prove that the defendant made non-natural use of his land and escape of the dangerous thing caused mischief/damage to him. The resultant damage needs to be shown by the plaintiff after successfully proving that unnatural use of the land was done by the defendant.Q. T took on rent a shop in the SC's premises after full knowledge of the fact that he had a theatre and rehearsal room attached to the same premises. The theatre had a water storage mechanism in case of an emergency. Unfortunately, the water container burst due to excessive frost, and the water leaked into the T's shop thereby damaging his goods. He sued S for payment of damages suffered by him.a)S is liable for damages caused to Tb)S is not liable as T had impliedly consented to the danger by taking the premises on rentc)Default of S amounts to absolute liabilityd)None of theseCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?

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Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.Absolute Liability: If an industry or enterprise is engaged in some inherently dangerous activity from which it is deriving commercial gain and that activity is capable of causing catastrophic damage then the industry officials are absolutely liable to pay compensation to the aggrieved parties. The industry cannot plead that all safety measures were taken care of by them and that there was negligence on their part. They will not be allowed any exceptions neither can they take up any defence like that of 'Act of God' or 'Act of Stranger'.Strict Liability: The Strict Liability principle is also called as 'No Fault Liability'. This is contradictory to the general principle of negligence in torts where a person can be held liable for commission of a tort only when the plaintiff can prove negligence on his part and the defendant himself is unable to disprove it. In the cases that I will now mention, the onus of being negligent can be ignored. In spite of all due care taken by the defendant, he will invariably be held for the consequences of the damages caused to any person outside of the boundary of the defendant's land by any hazardous thing that he maintained on the same stretch of land i.e. in spite of no intentional or unintentional fault of his, the defendant can be held liable hence, explaining the term 'No Fault Liability'. The earlier stated definition remains half done if the following terms are not emphasised upon:-Dangerous Thing: According to the above mentioned rule, the liability of escape of a thing from a person's land will arise only when the thing or substance collected is a dangerous thing i.e. a thing which is likely to cause mischief or damage to other people in person or their property on its escape. In various torts cases filed worldwide,liability have held "large body of water, gas, electricity, vibrations, yewEscape: The thing that has caused damage or mischief must 'escape' from the area under the occupation and control of the defendant.Non-natural use of land: Water collected on land for domestic purposes does not amount to non-natural use of land but storing it in huge quantity like that in a reservoir amounts to non-natural use of the land (Rylands vs. Fletcher). This distinction between natural and non-natural use of land can be made possible by its adjustment to existing social conditions. Growing of trees is held natural use of land but if the defendant is found to grow trees of poisonous nature on his land, then it is non-natural use of the land. If the land has been used naturally yet a conflict has risen between the defendant and the plaintiff, owing to natural use of land, the court will not hold the defendant liable.Mischief: To make the defendant liable under the doctrine of strict liability, the plaintiff needs to prove that the defendant made non-natural use of his land and escape of the dangerous thing caused mischief/damage to him. The resultant damage needs to be shown by the plaintiff after successfully proving that unnatural use of the land was done by the defendant.Q. T took on rent a shop in the SC's premises after full knowledge of the fact that he had a theatre and rehearsal room attached to the same premises. The theatre had a water storage mechanism in case of an emergency. Unfortunately, the water container burst due to excessive frost, and the water leaked into the T's shop thereby damaging his goods. He sued S for payment of damages suffered by him.a)S is liable for damages caused to Tb)S is not liable as T had impliedly consented to the danger by taking the premises on rentc)Default of S amounts to absolute liabilityd)None of theseCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for CLAT 2025 is part of CLAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the CLAT exam syllabus. Information about Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.Absolute Liability: If an industry or enterprise is engaged in some inherently dangerous activity from which it is deriving commercial gain and that activity is capable of causing catastrophic damage then the industry officials are absolutely liable to pay compensation to the aggrieved parties. The industry cannot plead that all safety measures were taken care of by them and that there was negligence on their part. They will not be allowed any exceptions neither can they take up any defence like that of 'Act of God' or 'Act of Stranger'.Strict Liability: The Strict Liability principle is also called as 'No Fault Liability'. This is contradictory to the general principle of negligence in torts where a person can be held liable for commission of a tort only when the plaintiff can prove negligence on his part and the defendant himself is unable to disprove it. In the cases that I will now mention, the onus of being negligent can be ignored. In spite of all due care taken by the defendant, he will invariably be held for the consequences of the damages caused to any person outside of the boundary of the defendant's land by any hazardous thing that he maintained on the same stretch of land i.e. in spite of no intentional or unintentional fault of his, the defendant can be held liable hence, explaining the term 'No Fault Liability'. The earlier stated definition remains half done if the following terms are not emphasised upon:-Dangerous Thing: According to the above mentioned rule, the liability of escape of a thing from a person's land will arise only when the thing or substance collected is a dangerous thing i.e. a thing which is likely to cause mischief or damage to other people in person or their property on its escape. In various torts cases filed worldwide,liability have held "large body of water, gas, electricity, vibrations, yewEscape: The thing that has caused damage or mischief must 'escape' from the area under the occupation and control of the defendant.Non-natural use of land: Water collected on land for domestic purposes does not amount to non-natural use of land but storing it in huge quantity like that in a reservoir amounts to non-natural use of the land (Rylands vs. Fletcher). This distinction between natural and non-natural use of land can be made possible by its adjustment to existing social conditions. Growing of trees is held natural use of land but if the defendant is found to grow trees of poisonous nature on his land, then it is non-natural use of the land. If the land has been used naturally yet a conflict has risen between the defendant and the plaintiff, owing to natural use of land, the court will not hold the defendant liable.Mischief: To make the defendant liable under the doctrine of strict liability, the plaintiff needs to prove that the defendant made non-natural use of his land and escape of the dangerous thing caused mischief/damage to him. The resultant damage needs to be shown by the plaintiff after successfully proving that unnatural use of the land was done by the defendant.Q. T took on rent a shop in the SC's premises after full knowledge of the fact that he had a theatre and rehearsal room attached to the same premises. The theatre had a water storage mechanism in case of an emergency. Unfortunately, the water container burst due to excessive frost, and the water leaked into the T's shop thereby damaging his goods. He sued S for payment of damages suffered by him.a)S is liable for damages caused to Tb)S is not liable as T had impliedly consented to the danger by taking the premises on rentc)Default of S amounts to absolute liabilityd)None of theseCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for CLAT 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.Absolute Liability: If an industry or enterprise is engaged in some inherently dangerous activity from which it is deriving commercial gain and that activity is capable of causing catastrophic damage then the industry officials are absolutely liable to pay compensation to the aggrieved parties. The industry cannot plead that all safety measures were taken care of by them and that there was negligence on their part. They will not be allowed any exceptions neither can they take up any defence like that of 'Act of God' or 'Act of Stranger'.Strict Liability: The Strict Liability principle is also called as 'No Fault Liability'. This is contradictory to the general principle of negligence in torts where a person can be held liable for commission of a tort only when the plaintiff can prove negligence on his part and the defendant himself is unable to disprove it. In the cases that I will now mention, the onus of being negligent can be ignored. In spite of all due care taken by the defendant, he will invariably be held for the consequences of the damages caused to any person outside of the boundary of the defendant's land by any hazardous thing that he maintained on the same stretch of land i.e. in spite of no intentional or unintentional fault of his, the defendant can be held liable hence, explaining the term 'No Fault Liability'. The earlier stated definition remains half done if the following terms are not emphasised upon:-Dangerous Thing: According to the above mentioned rule, the liability of escape of a thing from a person's land will arise only when the thing or substance collected is a dangerous thing i.e. a thing which is likely to cause mischief or damage to other people in person or their property on its escape. In various torts cases filed worldwide,liability have held "large body of water, gas, electricity, vibrations, yewEscape: The thing that has caused damage or mischief must 'escape' from the area under the occupation and control of the defendant.Non-natural use of land: Water collected on land for domestic purposes does not amount to non-natural use of land but storing it in huge quantity like that in a reservoir amounts to non-natural use of the land (Rylands vs. Fletcher). This distinction between natural and non-natural use of land can be made possible by its adjustment to existing social conditions. Growing of trees is held natural use of land but if the defendant is found to grow trees of poisonous nature on his land, then it is non-natural use of the land. If the land has been used naturally yet a conflict has risen between the defendant and the plaintiff, owing to natural use of land, the court will not hold the defendant liable.Mischief: To make the defendant liable under the doctrine of strict liability, the plaintiff needs to prove that the defendant made non-natural use of his land and escape of the dangerous thing caused mischief/damage to him. The resultant damage needs to be shown by the plaintiff after successfully proving that unnatural use of the land was done by the defendant.Q. T took on rent a shop in the SC's premises after full knowledge of the fact that he had a theatre and rehearsal room attached to the same premises. The theatre had a water storage mechanism in case of an emergency. Unfortunately, the water container burst due to excessive frost, and the water leaked into the T's shop thereby damaging his goods. He sued S for payment of damages suffered by him.a)S is liable for damages caused to Tb)S is not liable as T had impliedly consented to the danger by taking the premises on rentc)Default of S amounts to absolute liabilityd)None of theseCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.

Solutions for Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.Absolute Liability: If an industry or enterprise is engaged in some inherently dangerous activity from which it is deriving commercial gain and that activity is capable of causing catastrophic damage then the industry officials are absolutely liable to pay compensation to the aggrieved parties. The industry cannot plead that all safety measures were taken care of by them and that there was negligence on their part. They will not be allowed any exceptions neither can they take up any defence like that of 'Act of God' or 'Act of Stranger'.Strict Liability: The Strict Liability principle is also called as 'No Fault Liability'. This is contradictory to the general principle of negligence in torts where a person can be held liable for commission of a tort only when the plaintiff can prove negligence on his part and the defendant himself is unable to disprove it. In the cases that I will now mention, the onus of being negligent can be ignored. In spite of all due care taken by the defendant, he will invariably be held for the consequences of the damages caused to any person outside of the boundary of the defendant's land by any hazardous thing that he maintained on the same stretch of land i.e. in spite of no intentional or unintentional fault of his, the defendant can be held liable hence, explaining the term 'No Fault Liability'. The earlier stated definition remains half done if the following terms are not emphasised upon:-Dangerous Thing: According to the above mentioned rule, the liability of escape of a thing from a person's land will arise only when the thing or substance collected is a dangerous thing i.e. a thing which is likely to cause mischief or damage to other people in person or their property on its escape. In various torts cases filed worldwide,liability have held "large body of water, gas, electricity, vibrations, yewEscape: The thing that has caused damage or mischief must 'escape' from the area under the occupation and control of the defendant.Non-natural use of land: Water collected on land for domestic purposes does not amount to non-natural use of land but storing it in huge quantity like that in a reservoir amounts to non-natural use of the land (Rylands vs. Fletcher). This distinction between natural and non-natural use of land can be made possible by its adjustment to existing social conditions. Growing of trees is held natural use of land but if the defendant is found to grow trees of poisonous nature on his land, then it is non-natural use of the land. If the land has been used naturally yet a conflict has risen between the defendant and the plaintiff, owing to natural use of land, the court will not hold the defendant liable.Mischief: To make the defendant liable under the doctrine of strict liability, the plaintiff needs to prove that the defendant made non-natural use of his land and escape of the dangerous thing caused mischief/damage to him. The resultant damage needs to be shown by the plaintiff after successfully proving that unnatural use of the land was done by the defendant.Q. T took on rent a shop in the SC's premises after full knowledge of the fact that he had a theatre and rehearsal room attached to the same premises. The theatre had a water storage mechanism in case of an emergency. Unfortunately, the water container burst due to excessive frost, and the water leaked into the T's shop thereby damaging his goods. He sued S for payment of damages suffered by him.a)S is liable for damages caused to Tb)S is not liable as T had impliedly consented to the danger by taking the premises on rentc)Default of S amounts to absolute liabilityd)None of theseCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for CLAT. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for CLAT Exam by signing up for free.

Here you can find the meaning of Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.Absolute Liability: If an industry or enterprise is engaged in some inherently dangerous activity from which it is deriving commercial gain and that activity is capable of causing catastrophic damage then the industry officials are absolutely liable to pay compensation to the aggrieved parties. The industry cannot plead that all safety measures were taken care of by them and that there was negligence on their part. They will not be allowed any exceptions neither can they take up any defence like that of 'Act of God' or 'Act of Stranger'.Strict Liability: The Strict Liability principle is also called as 'No Fault Liability'. This is contradictory to the general principle of negligence in torts where a person can be held liable for commission of a tort only when the plaintiff can prove negligence on his part and the defendant himself is unable to disprove it. In the cases that I will now mention, the onus of being negligent can be ignored. In spite of all due care taken by the defendant, he will invariably be held for the consequences of the damages caused to any person outside of the boundary of the defendant's land by any hazardous thing that he maintained on the same stretch of land i.e. in spite of no intentional or unintentional fault of his, the defendant can be held liable hence, explaining the term 'No Fault Liability'. The earlier stated definition remains half done if the following terms are not emphasised upon:-Dangerous Thing: According to the above mentioned rule, the liability of escape of a thing from a person's land will arise only when the thing or substance collected is a dangerous thing i.e. a thing which is likely to cause mischief or damage to other people in person or their property on its escape. In various torts cases filed worldwide,liability have held "large body of water, gas, electricity, vibrations, yewEscape: The thing that has caused damage or mischief must 'escape' from the area under the occupation and control of the defendant.Non-natural use of land: Water collected on land for domestic purposes does not amount to non-natural use of land but storing it in huge quantity like that in a reservoir amounts to non-natural use of the land (Rylands vs. Fletcher). This distinction between natural and non-natural use of land can be made possible by its adjustment to existing social conditions. Growing of trees is held natural use of land but if the defendant is found to grow trees of poisonous nature on his land, then it is non-natural use of the land. If the land has been used naturally yet a conflict has risen between the defendant and the plaintiff, owing to natural use of land, the court will not hold the defendant liable.Mischief: To make the defendant liable under the doctrine of strict liability, the plaintiff needs to prove that the defendant made non-natural use of his land and escape of the dangerous thing caused mischief/damage to him. The resultant damage needs to be shown by the plaintiff after successfully proving that unnatural use of the land was done by the defendant.Q. T took on rent a shop in the SC's premises after full knowledge of the fact that he had a theatre and rehearsal room attached to the same premises. The theatre had a water storage mechanism in case of an emergency. Unfortunately, the water container burst due to excessive frost, and the water leaked into the T's shop thereby damaging his goods. He sued S for payment of damages suffered by him.a)S is liable for damages caused to Tb)S is not liable as T had impliedly consented to the danger by taking the premises on rentc)Default of S amounts to absolute liabilityd)None of theseCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.Absolute Liability: If an industry or enterprise is engaged in some inherently dangerous activity from which it is deriving commercial gain and that activity is capable of causing catastrophic damage then the industry officials are absolutely liable to pay compensation to the aggrieved parties. The industry cannot plead that all safety measures were taken care of by them and that there was negligence on their part. They will not be allowed any exceptions neither can they take up any defence like that of 'Act of God' or 'Act of Stranger'.Strict Liability: The Strict Liability principle is also called as 'No Fault Liability'. This is contradictory to the general principle of negligence in torts where a person can be held liable for commission of a tort only when the plaintiff can prove negligence on his part and the defendant himself is unable to disprove it. In the cases that I will now mention, the onus of being negligent can be ignored. In spite of all due care taken by the defendant, he will invariably be held for the consequences of the damages caused to any person outside of the boundary of the defendant's land by any hazardous thing that he maintained on the same stretch of land i.e. in spite of no intentional or unintentional fault of his, the defendant can be held liable hence, explaining the term 'No Fault Liability'. The earlier stated definition remains half done if the following terms are not emphasised upon:-Dangerous Thing: According to the above mentioned rule, the liability of escape of a thing from a person's land will arise only when the thing or substance collected is a dangerous thing i.e. a thing which is likely to cause mischief or damage to other people in person or their property on its escape. In various torts cases filed worldwide,liability have held "large body of water, gas, electricity, vibrations, yewEscape: The thing that has caused damage or mischief must 'escape' from the area under the occupation and control of the defendant.Non-natural use of land: Water collected on land for domestic purposes does not amount to non-natural use of land but storing it in huge quantity like that in a reservoir amounts to non-natural use of the land (Rylands vs. Fletcher). This distinction between natural and non-natural use of land can be made possible by its adjustment to existing social conditions. Growing of trees is held natural use of land but if the defendant is found to grow trees of poisonous nature on his land, then it is non-natural use of the land. If the land has been used naturally yet a conflict has risen between the defendant and the plaintiff, owing to natural use of land, the court will not hold the defendant liable.Mischief: To make the defendant liable under the doctrine of strict liability, the plaintiff needs to prove that the defendant made non-natural use of his land and escape of the dangerous thing caused mischief/damage to him. The resultant damage needs to be shown by the plaintiff after successfully proving that unnatural use of the land was done by the defendant.Q. T took on rent a shop in the SC's premises after full knowledge of the fact that he had a theatre and rehearsal room attached to the same premises. The theatre had a water storage mechanism in case of an emergency. Unfortunately, the water container burst due to excessive frost, and the water leaked into the T's shop thereby damaging his goods. He sued S for payment of damages suffered by him.a)S is liable for damages caused to Tb)S is not liable as T had impliedly consented to the danger by taking the premises on rentc)Default of S amounts to absolute liabilityd)None of theseCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.Absolute Liability: If an industry or enterprise is engaged in some inherently dangerous activity from which it is deriving commercial gain and that activity is capable of causing catastrophic damage then the industry officials are absolutely liable to pay compensation to the aggrieved parties. The industry cannot plead that all safety measures were taken care of by them and that there was negligence on their part. They will not be allowed any exceptions neither can they take up any defence like that of 'Act of God' or 'Act of Stranger'.Strict Liability: The Strict Liability principle is also called as 'No Fault Liability'. This is contradictory to the general principle of negligence in torts where a person can be held liable for commission of a tort only when the plaintiff can prove negligence on his part and the defendant himself is unable to disprove it. In the cases that I will now mention, the onus of being negligent can be ignored. In spite of all due care taken by the defendant, he will invariably be held for the consequences of the damages caused to any person outside of the boundary of the defendant's land by any hazardous thing that he maintained on the same stretch of land i.e. in spite of no intentional or unintentional fault of his, the defendant can be held liable hence, explaining the term 'No Fault Liability'. The earlier stated definition remains half done if the following terms are not emphasised upon:-Dangerous Thing: According to the above mentioned rule, the liability of escape of a thing from a person's land will arise only when the thing or substance collected is a dangerous thing i.e. a thing which is likely to cause mischief or damage to other people in person or their property on its escape. In various torts cases filed worldwide,liability have held "large body of water, gas, electricity, vibrations, yewEscape: The thing that has caused damage or mischief must 'escape' from the area under the occupation and control of the defendant.Non-natural use of land: Water collected on land for domestic purposes does not amount to non-natural use of land but storing it in huge quantity like that in a reservoir amounts to non-natural use of the land (Rylands vs. Fletcher). This distinction between natural and non-natural use of land can be made possible by its adjustment to existing social conditions. Growing of trees is held natural use of land but if the defendant is found to grow trees of poisonous nature on his land, then it is non-natural use of the land. If the land has been used naturally yet a conflict has risen between the defendant and the plaintiff, owing to natural use of land, the court will not hold the defendant liable.Mischief: To make the defendant liable under the doctrine of strict liability, the plaintiff needs to prove that the defendant made non-natural use of his land and escape of the dangerous thing caused mischief/damage to him. The resultant damage needs to be shown by the plaintiff after successfully proving that unnatural use of the land was done by the defendant.Q. T took on rent a shop in the SC's premises after full knowledge of the fact that he had a theatre and rehearsal room attached to the same premises. The theatre had a water storage mechanism in case of an emergency. Unfortunately, the water container burst due to excessive frost, and the water leaked into the T's shop thereby damaging his goods. He sued S for payment of damages suffered by him.a)S is liable for damages caused to Tb)S is not liable as T had impliedly consented to the danger by taking the premises on rentc)Default of S amounts to absolute liabilityd)None of theseCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.Absolute Liability: If an industry or enterprise is engaged in some inherently dangerous activity from which it is deriving commercial gain and that activity is capable of causing catastrophic damage then the industry officials are absolutely liable to pay compensation to the aggrieved parties. The industry cannot plead that all safety measures were taken care of by them and that there was negligence on their part. They will not be allowed any exceptions neither can they take up any defence like that of 'Act of God' or 'Act of Stranger'.Strict Liability: The Strict Liability principle is also called as 'No Fault Liability'. This is contradictory to the general principle of negligence in torts where a person can be held liable for commission of a tort only when the plaintiff can prove negligence on his part and the defendant himself is unable to disprove it. In the cases that I will now mention, the onus of being negligent can be ignored. In spite of all due care taken by the defendant, he will invariably be held for the consequences of the damages caused to any person outside of the boundary of the defendant's land by any hazardous thing that he maintained on the same stretch of land i.e. in spite of no intentional or unintentional fault of his, the defendant can be held liable hence, explaining the term 'No Fault Liability'. The earlier stated definition remains half done if the following terms are not emphasised upon:-Dangerous Thing: According to the above mentioned rule, the liability of escape of a thing from a person's land will arise only when the thing or substance collected is a dangerous thing i.e. a thing which is likely to cause mischief or damage to other people in person or their property on its escape. In various torts cases filed worldwide,liability have held "large body of water, gas, electricity, vibrations, yewEscape: The thing that has caused damage or mischief must 'escape' from the area under the occupation and control of the defendant.Non-natural use of land: Water collected on land for domestic purposes does not amount to non-natural use of land but storing it in huge quantity like that in a reservoir amounts to non-natural use of the land (Rylands vs. Fletcher). This distinction between natural and non-natural use of land can be made possible by its adjustment to existing social conditions. Growing of trees is held natural use of land but if the defendant is found to grow trees of poisonous nature on his land, then it is non-natural use of the land. If the land has been used naturally yet a conflict has risen between the defendant and the plaintiff, owing to natural use of land, the court will not hold the defendant liable.Mischief: To make the defendant liable under the doctrine of strict liability, the plaintiff needs to prove that the defendant made non-natural use of his land and escape of the dangerous thing caused mischief/damage to him. The resultant damage needs to be shown by the plaintiff after successfully proving that unnatural use of the land was done by the defendant.Q. T took on rent a shop in the SC's premises after full knowledge of the fact that he had a theatre and rehearsal room attached to the same premises. The theatre had a water storage mechanism in case of an emergency. Unfortunately, the water container burst due to excessive frost, and the water leaked into the T's shop thereby damaging his goods. He sued S for payment of damages suffered by him.a)S is liable for damages caused to Tb)S is not liable as T had impliedly consented to the danger by taking the premises on rentc)Default of S amounts to absolute liabilityd)None of theseCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice Directions: Read the passage and answer the question that follows.Absolute Liability: If an industry or enterprise is engaged in some inherently dangerous activity from which it is deriving commercial gain and that activity is capable of causing catastrophic damage then the industry officials are absolutely liable to pay compensation to the aggrieved parties. The industry cannot plead that all safety measures were taken care of by them and that there was negligence on their part. They will not be allowed any exceptions neither can they take up any defence like that of 'Act of God' or 'Act of Stranger'.Strict Liability: The Strict Liability principle is also called as 'No Fault Liability'. This is contradictory to the general principle of negligence in torts where a person can be held liable for commission of a tort only when the plaintiff can prove negligence on his part and the defendant himself is unable to disprove it. In the cases that I will now mention, the onus of being negligent can be ignored. In spite of all due care taken by the defendant, he will invariably be held for the consequences of the damages caused to any person outside of the boundary of the defendant's land by any hazardous thing that he maintained on the same stretch of land i.e. in spite of no intentional or unintentional fault of his, the defendant can be held liable hence, explaining the term 'No Fault Liability'. The earlier stated definition remains half done if the following terms are not emphasised upon:-Dangerous Thing: According to the above mentioned rule, the liability of escape of a thing from a person's land will arise only when the thing or substance collected is a dangerous thing i.e. a thing which is likely to cause mischief or damage to other people in person or their property on its escape. In various torts cases filed worldwide,liability have held "large body of water, gas, electricity, vibrations, yewEscape: The thing that has caused damage or mischief must 'escape' from the area under the occupation and control of the defendant.Non-natural use of land: Water collected on land for domestic purposes does not amount to non-natural use of land but storing it in huge quantity like that in a reservoir amounts to non-natural use of the land (Rylands vs. Fletcher). This distinction between natural and non-natural use of land can be made possible by its adjustment to existing social conditions. Growing of trees is held natural use of land but if the defendant is found to grow trees of poisonous nature on his land, then it is non-natural use of the land. If the land has been used naturally yet a conflict has risen between the defendant and the plaintiff, owing to natural use of land, the court will not hold the defendant liable.Mischief: To make the defendant liable under the doctrine of strict liability, the plaintiff needs to prove that the defendant made non-natural use of his land and escape of the dangerous thing caused mischief/damage to him. The resultant damage needs to be shown by the plaintiff after successfully proving that unnatural use of the land was done by the defendant.Q. T took on rent a shop in the SC's premises after full knowledge of the fact that he had a theatre and rehearsal room attached to the same premises. The theatre had a water storage mechanism in case of an emergency. Unfortunately, the water container burst due to excessive frost, and the water leaked into the T's shop thereby damaging his goods. He sued S for payment of damages suffered by him.a)S is liable for damages caused to Tb)S is not liable as T had impliedly consented to the danger by taking the premises on rentc)Default of S amounts to absolute liabilityd)None of theseCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice CLAT tests.

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