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In the context of the environment, the process 'flocculation' is
- a)a technique for generating artificial rain.
- b)a technique for treatment of effluents from industries.
- c)a bio-remediation technique for soil treatment.
- d)a carbon-capture and sequestration technique.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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In the context of the environment, the process 'flocculation' isa)a t...
Wastewater undergoes treatment depending upon the purpose for which it is treated.
Therefore treatment of water has two procedures: Secondary Treatment of Water: Water treated by primary treatment is not fit for drinking. Therefore, it undergoes the process of secondary treatment. The secondary treatment has the following two steps:
- Primary Treatment for removal of gross impurities involves four stages:
- Sedimentation: The wastewater undergoes the physical treatment in which the water is first of all stored in large basins. Storing the water for a long time in reservoirs, settles gradually sand particles, clay, silt and other suspended material at the bottom.
- Coagulation or Flocculation: In this process, the sedimented water is subjected to a chemical process. A coagulant such as aluminium sulphate or alum is added to the water. Fine particles are removed by promoting their agglomeration or flocculation in the presence of the coagulant. The coagulant reacts with water and forms a bulky precipitate. The agglomerated particles, known as floccules, are again separated by sedimentation or filtration. Hence option (b) is the correct answer.
- Filtration: It is a physicochemical process for separating suspended and colloidal impurities from water by passing it through a barrier of sands matrix of fibrous material or coal particles. This process removes micro-organisms as well as the remaining floc particles.
- Disinfection: The water which undergoes the above three processes is not totally free from micro- organisms. In order to get rid of the micro-organisms, chlorine or bleaching powder is added to the water to disinfect it. Sometimes disinfection is carried out by using ultra-violet light, ozolae or silver ions.
- Softening: The hard water has cations of calcium and magnesium. To soften water, Lime and Soda ash are added to the water to precipitate calcium and magnesium ions as carbonates. The precipitate is then filtered out. The water so treated goes through a porous cations exchanger in which water becomes cation free.
- Aeration: In order to make the water fit for drinking some amount of oxygen is forced into it. Aeration of water is carried, out by forcing air through the water in the form of air bubbles. This process adds oxygen and other gases and reduces the content of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide in the water.
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In the context of the environment, the process 'flocculation' isa)a technique for generating artificial rain.b)a technique for treatment of effluents from industries.c)a bio-remediation technique for soil treatment.d)a carbon-capture and sequestration technique.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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