Deformity: Round Upper Back

The correct answer for this question is option 'B', which refers to the deformity known as a round upper back. In medical terms, this condition is also called kyphosis.

Understanding Kyphosis
Kyphosis is a postural deformity characterized by an excessive rounding of the upper back. It causes the thoracic spine to curve forward, leading to a hunched or rounded appearance. This condition can vary in severity, with some individuals having a mild rounding, while others may have a more pronounced hump.

Causes of Kyphosis
- Poor posture: Prolonged slouching or sitting in a rounded position can contribute to the development of kyphosis.
- Osteoporosis: Weakening of the bones due to age or other factors can cause compression fractures in the vertebrae, leading to kyphosis.
- Spinal conditions: Certain spinal conditions, such as Scheuermann's disease or ankylosing spondylitis, can result in kyphosis.
- Congenital factors: Some individuals may be born with kyphosis due to abnormal development of the spine.

Effects and Symptoms
- Rounded appearance of the upper back
- Back pain or discomfort
- Stiffness in the spine
- Limited range of motion
- Fatigue or muscle weakness

Treatment Options
The treatment for round upper back or kyphosis depends on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. Some common treatment options include:
- Physical therapy: Exercises and stretches can help improve posture, strengthen the muscles supporting the spine, and increase flexibility.
- Bracing: In more severe cases, a brace may be recommended to provide support and help correct the curvature.
- Pain management: Over-the-counter pain medications or prescribed medications may be used to manage pain and inflammation.
- Surgery: In rare cases where the kyphosis is severe and causing significant health issues, surgery may be considered to correct the deformity and stabilize the spine.

Conclusion
In summary, the deformity known as round upper back or kyphosis is characterized by an excessive rounding of the upper spine. It can be caused by various factors, including poor posture, spinal conditions, or congenital factors. Treatment options range from physical therapy and braces to surgery, depending on the severity of the condition.