Introduction:
The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the most advanced ancient civilizations that emerged around 2600 BCE in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. It is known for its well-planned cities, advanced infrastructure, and sophisticated art and craft. Seals were one of the significant artifacts found during excavations of the Indus Valley sites. These seals were made using various materials and were primarily used for administrative and commercial purposes.

Terracotta Seals:
Terracotta, or baked clay, was one of the common materials used in making seals during the Indus Valley Civilization. Terracotta seals were created by shaping and firing clay, resulting in a durable and long-lasting material. These seals typically featured engraved designs and inscriptions, providing valuable information about the civilization's script and iconography.

Steatite Seals:
Steatite, also known as soapstone, was another commonly used material for making seals during the Indus Valley Civilization. Steatite is a soft stone that is easy to carve and shape. It was widely available in the region, making it an ideal material for seal production. Steatite seals often featured intricate engravings and unique designs, displaying the craftsmanship of the civilization.

Copper Seals:
Copper was also commonly used in making seals during the Indus Valley Civilization. Copper seals were typically made by casting molten copper into molds, resulting in finely detailed seals. These seals often depicted various motifs, including animals, humans, and geometric patterns. Copper seals were highly valued and served as a symbol of authority and prestige.

Agate Seals:
Agate, a semiprecious stone, was not commonly used in making seals during the Indus Valley Civilization. Although agate is a durable and attractive material, there is limited evidence of its use for seal production in the Indus Valley. The majority of seals found in the region were made of steatite, terracotta, or copper. Agate seals, if any, were likely rare and reserved for specific purposes or individuals.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, terracotta, steatite, and copper were commonly used materials for making seals during the Indus Valley Civilization. However, agate seals were not as prevalent, indicating that they were not commonly used in seal production during that time. The use of different materials for seals highlights the craftsmanship and artistic diversity of the Indus Valley Civilization.