Dalit Movements in India

Satnami Movement
The Satnami Movement was a religious and social reform movement initiated by Guru Ghasidas in the late 19th century. It emerged among the Satnami community, which is a Scheduled Caste in the Indian caste system. The movement aimed to challenge the oppressive social hierarchy and improve the conditions of the Dalit community. It advocated for equality, social justice, and the eradication of caste-based discrimination. The Satnami Movement played a significant role in empowering the Dalits and asserting their rights.

Adi Dharma Movement
The Adi Dharma Movement, also known as the Satyashodhak Samaj, was founded by Jyotirao Phule in the 19th century. It was a socio-religious movement that aimed to uplift the oppressed and marginalized sections of society, including the Dalits. The movement challenged the Brahmanical dominance and advocated for the rights and dignity of all individuals, irrespective of their caste. The Adi Dharma Movement played a crucial role in Dalit empowerment and social reform in Maharashtra.

Tebhaga Movement
The Tebhaga Movement, which took place in Bengal during the 1940s, was a peasants' movement that focused on agrarian struggles and land reforms. While the movement had a significant impact on the lives of rural communities, it was not specifically a Dalit movement. It primarily addressed the issues of landless and poor peasants, demanding a fairer distribution of land and better agricultural practices. The Tebhaga Movement was instrumental in shaping agrarian politics in Bengal but did not exclusively target Dalit rights.

Mahar Movement
The Mahar Movement was a social and political movement initiated by the Mahar community, a Dalit caste in Maharashtra. Led by figures like Mahatma Jyotiba Phule and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the movement aimed to challenge the oppressive caste system and fight for the rights of the Dalit community. It sought to eradicate social discrimination and improve the socio-economic conditions of the Dalits. The Mahar Movement played a crucial role in the Dalit empowerment movement in Maharashtra and laid the foundation for the larger Dalit movement in India.

Conclusion
Among the given options, the Tebhaga Movement is not a Dalit movement. While it addressed the issues of rural peasants and advocated for land reforms, it did not specifically focus on the rights and empowerment of the Dalit community. The other movements mentioned, such as the Satnami Movement, Adi Dharma Movement, and Mahar Movement, were all significant Dalit movements that aimed to challenge caste-based discrimination and improve the socio-economic conditions of the Dalits.