Geological folds are undulations or waves of the stratified rocks of ...
Explanation:
Hydrostatic and Pore Pressure:
- Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the force of gravity. It increases with depth because of the weight of the overlying fluid.
- Pore pressure is the pressure of fluids within the pores and fractures of rocks. It is affected by the fluid content of the rock and the degree of interconnection between the pores.
Role of Hydrostatic and Pore Pressure in Geological Folds:
- Hydrostatic and pore pressure play a significant role in the formation of geological folds.
- The pressure exerted by fluids in the rocks can cause the rocks to deform and fold.
- The pressure can also help in the movement of rocks along faults.
Temperature Gradient on the Surface of the Earth:
- The temperature gradient on the surface of the Earth is the rate at which temperature changes with depth.
- It is affected by factors such as the amount of solar radiation received by the Earth and the thermal properties of the rocks.
Role of Temperature Gradient in Geological Folds:
- Temperature gradient can cause rocks to deform and fold due to thermal expansion and contraction.
- Temperature changes can cause rocks to expand or contract, leading to stress and deformation.
- This can result in the formation of folds and other geological structures.
Conclusion:
Both hydrostatic and pore pressure and the temperature gradient on the surface of the Earth play important roles in the formation of geological folds. Hydrostatic and pore pressure can cause rocks to deform and fold, while temperature changes can cause thermal expansion and contraction, leading to stress and deformation. Thus, option C, i.e., both 1 and 2, is the correct answer.
Geological folds are undulations or waves of the stratified rocks of ...
- Folds form under varied conditions of stress, hydrostatic pressure, pore pressure, and temperature gradient, as evidenced by their presence in soft sediments.
- Water pressure from underneath the rocks is tremendous and it can exert differential pressure on the rocks to deform them from one or the other sides, causing the formation of a fold.
- The temperature gradient can cause elongation of one part and shortening of the other part, leading to the formation of faults.