Between diamond and graphite?
Diamond and Graphite: A Detailed Comparison
Diamond and graphite are both allotropes of carbon. Although they are made of the same element, they have vastly different properties and uses. In this article, we will explore the differences between diamond and graphite.
Structure
Diamond and graphite have different crystal structures. Diamond has a tetrahedral structure, with each carbon atom bonded to four other carbon atoms in a three-dimensional network. This makes diamond very hard and dense. On the other hand, graphite has a layered structure, with each carbon atom bonded to three other carbon atoms in a two-dimensional sheet. These sheets are held together by weak Van der Waals forces, allowing them to slide past each other easily. This gives graphite its slippery texture.
Physical Properties
The differences in their structures result in vastly different physical properties.
- Diamond is the hardest known substance, with a Mohs hardness of 10. It is also very dense, with a specific gravity of 3.5.
- Graphite, on the other hand, is very soft and slippery, with a Mohs hardness of 1-2. It is also very lightweight, with a specific gravity of 2.2.
Chemical Properties
Despite their differences, both diamond and graphite are very stable and unreactive.
- Diamond is highly resistant to chemical attack, and can only be dissolved in molten iron or in a mixture of hydrofluoric and nitric acids.
- Graphite is also very unreactive, and is often used as a lubricant due to its low friction coefficient.
Uses
The different physical properties of diamond and graphite make them suitable for different applications.
- Diamond is used primarily in jewelry and cutting tools due to its hardness and durability.
- Graphite is used in a variety of applications, such as pencils, lubricants, electrodes, and batteries.
Conclusion
In conclusion, diamond and graphite are two allotropes of carbon with vastly different properties and uses. While diamond is hard and dense, graphite is soft and slippery. Despite their differences, both are very stable and unreactive.
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