The first Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India was Alexander Cunningham.

The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is an organization under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India, that is responsible for the archaeological research and the conservation and preservation of cultural heritage sites in India. It was established in 1861 and is one of the oldest archaeological organizations in the world.

Alexander Cunningham:
Alexander Cunningham, a British archaeologist and army engineer, was appointed as the first Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India. He held this position from 1861 until his retirement in 1885. Cunningham was born in England in 1814 and had a deep interest in archaeology and history from an early age. He conducted extensive surveys and excavations across the Indian subcontinent and is often referred to as the "father of Indian archaeology."

Contributions:
1. Systematic Excavations: Cunningham initiated systematic excavations at various sites in India, including Taxila in present-day Pakistan and Sarnath in Uttar Pradesh. These excavations revealed important historical artifacts and structures, shedding light on the ancient history of the region.

2. Site Conservation: Cunningham also played a crucial role in the preservation and conservation of historical sites. He recognized the importance of safeguarding India's cultural heritage and took measures to protect and conserve monuments and archaeological sites.

3. Documentation and Research: Cunningham was known for his meticulous documentation and research. He published numerous reports, journals, and books on Indian archaeology and history. His works provided valuable insights into the ancient civilizations and cultures of India.

4. Classification and Chronology: Cunningham developed a classification system for Indian antiquities based on their typology, which became the basis for organizing archaeological collections in India. He also contributed to the establishment of a chronological framework for Indian history, particularly the dating of ancient Buddhist and Hindu structures.

Legacy:
Alexander Cunningham's pioneering work laid the foundation for archaeological research and conservation in India. His efforts led to the establishment of the Archaeological Survey of India as a premier institution in the field of archaeology. His methods and principles continue to influence archaeological practices in India and have contributed significantly to our understanding of the country's rich cultural heritage.