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Consider the following statements about ―Biofertilizers‖:
These fertilizers have living microorganisms as one of their constituents to accelerate microbial processes in the soil.
  • Bacillus species improve solubilising many nutrients like phosphorous, silicate and zinc and Pseudomonas species help in nitrogen fixation and plant growth.
  • Fungi are not used as constituents in Biofertilizers.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
    • a)
      1 only
    • b)
      2 only
    • c)
      3 only
    • d)
      1, 2 and 3
    Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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    Consider the following statements about ―Biofertilizers‖: These fer...
    • Bio-fertilisers are living microorganisms of bacterial, fungal and algal origin. Their mode of action differs and can be applied alone or in combination.So, Statement 1 is correct and Statement 3 is not correct.
    • Pseudomonas and Bacillus species are the predominant plant growth-promoting bacteria. Many heterotrophic bacteria live in the soil and fix significant levels of nitrogen without direct interaction with other organisms. Examples of this type of nitrogen-fixing bacteria include species of Azotobacter, Bacillus, Clostridium, and Klebsiella.
    • The application of Bacillus-based fertilizers to soil can enhance the plant-available forms of nutrients in rhizospheres, control disease-causing pathogenic microbial growth and induce pest defence systems.
    • Pseudomonas has been reported to have the potential to improve plant biomass, relative water content, leaf water potential and root adhering soil/root tissue ratio. The function of zinc is to help the plant produce chlorophyll.So, Statement 2 is not correct.
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    Passage -1The law in many parts of the world increasingly restricts the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses. The simplest and often the most economically sound practice returns the material to the land as semisolid manure or as sprayed slurry. This dilutes its concentration in the environment to what might have occurred III a more primitive and sustainable type of agriculture and converts pollutant into fertilizer. Soil microorganisms decompose the organic components of sewage and slurry and most of the mineral nutrients become available to be absorbed again by the vegetation.The excess input of nutrients, both nitrogen and phosphorus - based, from agricultural runoff (and human sewag e) has caused many healthy oligotrophic lakes (low nutrient concentrations, low plant productivity with abundant water weeds, and clear water) to change to eutrophic condition where high nutrient inputs lead to high phytoplankton productivity (sometimes dominated by bloomforming toxic species). This makes the water turbid, eliminates large plants and, in the worst situations, leads to anoxia and fish kills; so called cultural eutrophication. Thus, important ecosystem services are lost, including the provisioning service of wild-caught fish and the cultural services associated with recreation.The process of cultural eutrophication of lakes has been understood for some time. But only recently did scientists notice huge dead zones in the oceans near river outlets, particularly those draining large catchment areas such as the Mississippi in North America and the Yangtze in China. The nutrient-enriched water flows through streams, rivers and lakes, and eventually to the estuary and ocean where the ecological impact may be huge, killing virtually all invertebrates and fish in areas up to 70,000 km2 in extent. More than 150 sea areas worldwide are now regularly starved of oxygen as a result of decomposition of algal blooms, fuelled particularly by nitrogen from agricultural runoff of fertilizers and sewage from large cities. Oceanic dead zones are typically associated withindustrialized nations and usually lie off- countries that subsidize their agriculture, encouraging farmers to increase productivity and use more fertilizer.Q.According to the passage, what are the effects of indiscriminate use of fertilizers?1. Addition of pollutants to the soil and water.2. Destruction decomposer of microorganisms in soil.3. Nutrient enrichment of water bodies.4. Creation of algal blooms.

    Passage -1The law in many parts of the world increasingly restricts the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses. The simplest and often the most economically sound practice returns the material to the land as semisolid manure or as sprayed slurry. This dilutes its concentration in the environment to what might have occurred III a more primitive and sustainable type of agriculture and converts pollutant into fertilizer. Soil microorganisms decompose the organic components of sewage and slurry and most of the mineral nutrients become available to be absorbed again by the vegetation.The excess input of nutrients, both nitrogen and phosphorus - based, from agricultural runoff (and human sewag e) has caused many healthy oligotrophic lakes (low nutrient concentrations, low plant productivity with abundant water weeds, and clear water) to change to eutrophic condition where high nutrient inputs lead to high phytoplankton productivity (sometimes dominated by bloomforming toxic species). This makes the water turbid, eliminates large plants and, in the worst situations, leads to anoxia and fish kills; so called cultural eutrophication. Thus, important ecosystem services are lost, including the provisioning service of wild-caught fish and the cultural services associated with recreation.The process of cultural eutrophication of lakes has been understood for some time. But only recently did scientists notice huge dead zones in the oceans near river outlets, particularly those draining large catchment areas such as the Mississippi in North America and the Yangtze in China. The nutrient-enriched water flows through streams, rivers and lakes, and eventually to the estuary and ocean where the ecological impact may be huge, killing virtually all invertebrates and fish in areas up to 70,000 km2 in extent. More than 150 sea areas worldwide are now regularly starved of oxygen as a result of decomposition of algal blooms, fuelled particularly by nitrogen from agricultural runoff of fertilizers and sewage from large cities. Oceanic dead zones are typically associated withindustrialized nations and usually lie off- countries that subsidize their agriculture, encouraging farmers to increase productivity and use more fertilizer.Q.The passage refers to the conversion of pollutant to fertilizer. What is pollutant and what is fertilizer in this context?

    Passage -1The law in many parts of the world increasingly restricts the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses. The simplest and often the most economically sound practice returns the material to the land as semisolid manure or as sprayed slurry. This dilutes its concentration in the environment to what might have occurred III a more primitive and sustainable type of agriculture and converts pollutant into fertilizer. Soil microorganisms decompose the organic components of sewage and slurry and most of the mineral nutrients become available to be absorbed again by the vegetation.The excess input of nutrients, both nitrogen and phosphorus - based, from agricultural runoff (and human sewag e) has caused many healthy oligotrophic lakes (low nutrient concentrations, low plant productivity with abundant water weeds, and clear water) to change to eutrophic condition where high nutrient inputs lead to high phytoplankton productivity (sometimes dominated by bloomforming toxic species). This makes the water turbid, eliminates large plants and, in the worst situations, leads to anoxia and fish kills; so called cultural eutrophication. Thus, important ecosystem services are lost, including the provisioning service of wild-caught fish and the cultural services associated with recreation.The process of cultural eutrophication of lakes has been understood for some time. But only recently did scientists notice huge dead zones in the oceans near river outlets, particularly those draining large catchment areas such as the Mississippi in North America and the Yangtze in China. The nutrient-enriched water flows through streams, rivers and lakes, and eventually to the estuary and ocean where the ecological impact may be huge, killing virtually all invertebrates and fish in areas up to 70,000 km2 in extent. More than 150 sea areas worldwide are now regularly starved of oxygen as a result of decomposition of algal blooms, fuelled particularly by nitrogen from agricultural runoff of fertilizers and sewage from large cities. Oceanic dead zones are typically associated withindustrialized nations and usually lie off- countries that subsidize their agriculture, encouraging farmers to increase productivity and use more fertilizer.Q.What is the central theme of this passage?

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    Consider the following statements about ―Biofertilizers‖: These fertilizers have living microorganisms as one of their constituents to accelerate microbial processes in the soil. Bacillus species improve solubilising many nutrients like phosphorous, silicate and zinc and Pseudomonas species help in nitrogen fixation and plant growth. Fungi are not used as constituents in Biofertilizers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?a)1 onlyb)2 onlyc)3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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    Consider the following statements about ―Biofertilizers‖: These fertilizers have living microorganisms as one of their constituents to accelerate microbial processes in the soil. Bacillus species improve solubilising many nutrients like phosphorous, silicate and zinc and Pseudomonas species help in nitrogen fixation and plant growth. Fungi are not used as constituents in Biofertilizers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?a)1 onlyb)2 onlyc)3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? for UPSC 2024 is part of UPSC preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about Consider the following statements about ―Biofertilizers‖: These fertilizers have living microorganisms as one of their constituents to accelerate microbial processes in the soil. Bacillus species improve solubilising many nutrients like phosphorous, silicate and zinc and Pseudomonas species help in nitrogen fixation and plant growth. Fungi are not used as constituents in Biofertilizers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?a)1 onlyb)2 onlyc)3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Consider the following statements about ―Biofertilizers‖: These fertilizers have living microorganisms as one of their constituents to accelerate microbial processes in the soil. Bacillus species improve solubilising many nutrients like phosphorous, silicate and zinc and Pseudomonas species help in nitrogen fixation and plant growth. Fungi are not used as constituents in Biofertilizers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?a)1 onlyb)2 onlyc)3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?.
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