John Carroll proposed the model of school learning in 1963. This model is also known as the Carroll Model.

Carroll Model of School Learning

The Carroll Model of School Learning is a theoretical framework that explains the learning process of students in a school setting. The model is based on the premise that learning occurs when the student's available cognitive resources are greater than the demands of the task at hand.

Components of the Carroll Model

The Carroll Model consists of three main components:

1. Aptitude
Aptitude refers to the innate ability of a student to learn. This component includes the student's general intelligence, prior knowledge, and cognitive abilities.

2. Instructional Variables
Instructional variables refer to the teaching methods and materials used by the teacher. This component includes the clarity of instruction, organization of materials, and the level of difficulty of the task.

3. Learning Outcomes
Learning outcomes refer to the student's performance on the task. This component includes the acquisition of new knowledge, skills, and attitudes.

Relationship between the Components

The Carroll Model proposes that the interaction between these three components determines the level of learning that occurs. If the student's aptitude is high and the instructional variables are well-designed, then the learning outcome will be high. However, if the instructional variables are poorly designed or the student's aptitude is low, then the learning outcome will be low.

Implications for teaching

The Carroll Model has important implications for teaching. Teachers should design instructional variables that are appropriate for the student's aptitude level. They should also provide clear instruction, well-organized materials, and appropriately challenging tasks to promote optimal learning outcomes.

Conclusion

In conclusion, John Carroll proposed the model of school learning in 1963. The model is based on the interaction between the student's aptitude, instructional variables, and learning outcomes. The model has important implications for teaching and can be used to design effective learning environments.