**Introduction:**

When an animal cell or plant cell is placed in a solution of sugar and water, several changes occur due to the process of osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. In this case, the solute is the sugar dissolved in water.

**Effects on Animal Cell:**

1. **Hypertonic Solution:** If the sugar concentration in the solution is higher than that inside the animal cell, the solution is hypertonic. Water molecules will move out of the cell through the cell membrane to equalize the concentration of solutes on both sides of the membrane. This results in the following effects:
- The cell will shrink and become dehydrated.
- The cytoplasm will become more concentrated.
- The cell membrane may detach from the cell wall.

2. **Hypotonic Solution:** If the sugar concentration in the solution is lower than that inside the animal cell, the solution is hypotonic. Water molecules will move into the cell through osmosis to balance the concentration of solutes. This leads to the following consequences:
- The cell will swell up and may burst (lyse) if the influx of water is excessive.
- The cytoplasm will become more diluted.
- The cell membrane may stretch and eventually rupture.

3. **Isotonic Solution:** If the sugar concentration in the solution is equal to that inside the animal cell, the solution is isotonic. In this case, there will be no net movement of water across the cell membrane, resulting in:
- No change in the cell size or shape.
- The cytoplasm maintaining its normal concentration.
- The cell membrane maintaining its integrity.

**Effects on Plant Cell:**

1. **Hypertonic Solution:** When a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the following changes occur:
- The cell membrane shrinks away from the cell wall, leading to plasmolysis.
- The cytoplasm shrinks and pulls away from the cell wall.
- The plant cell becomes flaccid and loses its turgidity.
- The plant may wilt and undergo irreversible damage.

2. **Hypotonic Solution:** When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the following effects can be observed:
- Water enters the cell through osmosis, causing the cell to swell up.
- The cell becomes turgid, exerting pressure against the cell wall.
- The plant cell becomes rigid and upright.
- This is the ideal condition for plant cells, as it maintains their shape and function.

3. **Isotonic Solution:** If a plant cell is placed in an isotonic solution, there will be no net movement of water, resulting in:
- No change in the cell size or shape.
- The cytoplasm maintaining its normal concentration.
- The cell wall retaining its integrity.

**Conclusion:**

In summary, the response of animal and plant cells to a sugar and water solution depends on the relative concentrations of solutes on either side of the cell membrane. The process of osmosis influences the movement of water molecules, leading to changes in cell size, shape, and overall health. It is crucial for cells to maintain a balance in their internal and external environments to