Transistor Operating in Saturation Region

The saturation region is one of the operating regions of a transistor. In this region, both the base-emitter junction and the base-collector junction are forward biased. To determine if a transistor is operating in the saturation region, we need to analyze the given values of Vbe, Vce, and Hfe.

Analysis:

Given values:
- Vbe = 0.85 V
- Vce = 0.22 V
- Hfe = 110

1. Base-Emitter Junction:
The base-emitter junction is forward biased when the voltage across it (Vbe) exceeds the threshold voltage. In this case, Vbe = 0.85 V, which exceeds the threshold voltage of a typical silicon transistor (around 0.6 - 0.7 V). Therefore, the base-emitter junction is forward biased.

2. Base-Collector Junction:
The base-collector junction is also forward biased when the voltage across it (Vce) is less than the threshold voltage. In this case, Vce = 0.22 V, which is less than the threshold voltage. Therefore, the base-collector junction is forward biased.

3. Hfe (Current Gain):
Hfe represents the current gain of a transistor, which is the ratio of collector current (Ic) to base current (Ib). In this case, the given Hfe is 110.

Determining Transistor Region:

To determine if the transistor is operating in the saturation region, we need to check the relationship between the collector current (Ic) and the base current (Ib).

If Ic < hfe="" *="" ib,="" the="" transistor="" is="" operating="" in="" the="" saturation="" />

In this case, let's assume Ib = 1 mA (milliampere).

Calculating Collector Current:
As per the given Hfe, Ic = Hfe * Ib = 110 * 0.001 A = 0.11 A = 110 mA.

Checking for Saturation Region:
Now, we compare the calculated Ic with the given Vce.

If Vce < vce(sat),="" the="" transistor="" is="" operating="" in="" the="" saturation="" />

In this case, Vce = 0.22 V.

Conclusion:
Since Vce (0.22 V) is less than Vce(sat), the transistor is operating in the saturation region.

Explanation:
The base-emitter junction and base-collector junction being forward biased indicate that the transistor is conducting current. The calculated collector current (Ic) and the given Vce values are used to determine if the transistor is in saturation. The comparison of Vce with Vce(sat) helps establish the operating region of the transistor. In this case, Vce is less than Vce(sat), confirming that the transistor is indeed operating in the saturation region.