The Duties of Chandals

Chandals, also known as untouchables or Dalits, were considered to be the lowest social group in the traditional Indian caste system. They were assigned specific duties that were considered impure or polluting by the higher castes. The duties of chandals varied across different regions and time periods in India, but they generally involved tasks related to sanitation, waste disposal, and handling of dead bodies.

1. Sanitation and Waste Disposal
Chandals were responsible for maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in the community. They were often assigned to clean public spaces, streets, and toilets. They would sweep the streets, collect garbage, and dispose of waste in designated areas. This duty was considered impure and polluting, as it involved coming into contact with dirt, filth, and waste materials.

2. Handling of Dead Bodies
One of the most significant duties of chandals was to handle dead bodies. They were considered to be the lowest in the social hierarchy, and hence, were responsible for cremating or burying the deceased. This task included preparing the funeral pyre, cremating the body, and performing the last rites. Chandals were often required to live in separate areas outside the main settlement due to the perceived impurity associated with their duties.

3. Restrictions and Social Isolation
Chandals faced severe restrictions and social isolation due to their assigned duties. They were not allowed to enter temples or participate in religious ceremonies. They had limited access to education, healthcare, and other basic amenities. Chandals were often subjected to discrimination, segregation, and untouchability practices by the higher castes.

4. Social Stigma and Discrimination
Chandals were stigmatized and marginalized in society due to their occupation and birth-based caste status. They were considered ritually impure and were treated as outcasts. The stigma associated with their duties often led to social exclusion, economic exploitation, and denial of basic human rights.

5. Modern Outlook and Social Reform
In recent years, there have been significant efforts to challenge and overcome the discrimination faced by chandals. Various social and political movements have advocated for their rights, equality, and social integration. Legal measures, affirmative action policies, and awareness campaigns have been implemented to improve the social status and well-being of chandals.

Overall, the duties of chandals were centered around tasks that were considered impure and polluting in traditional Indian society. They were assigned roles related to sanitation, waste disposal, and handling of dead bodies, which resulted in their social stigmatization and marginalization. However, with changing times and social reform movements, there is hope for a more inclusive and egalitarian society where caste-based discrimination is eradicated.