Definition:
Gotra is a term used in Hindu culture to identify the lineage or clan of an individual. It is a concept that is deeply rooted in the Indian caste system and is considered important for maintaining social and marital relationships within the community. The word "gotra" is derived from the Sanskrit term "gautra," which means "family" or "clan."

Significance:
Understanding the gotra system is crucial in Hindu society as it helps determine the ancestry and lineage of individuals. It plays a significant role in marriage alliances and social interactions among various Hindu communities. The gotra is inherited from the paternal side and is passed down through generations. It helps in identifying the family tree and maintaining genealogical records.

Structure:
Each gotra is further divided into several sub-gotras, which are branches or subdivisions within a particular clan. These sub-gotras are believed to have originated from a common ancestor or sage. The gotras are named after sages, saints, or legendary figures who are considered the progenitors of those lineages. For example, the Bharadwaja gotra is named after the ancient sage Bharadwaja.

Marriage and Gotra:
According to traditional Hindu customs, marriage between individuals belonging to the same gotra is considered taboo. This practice is rooted in the belief that individuals from the same gotra share a common genetic ancestry and marrying within the same gotra can lead to potential genetic disorders. To ensure genetic diversity and prevent the risk of genetic diseases, marriage is encouraged between individuals belonging to different gotras.

Preserving Lineage:
The gotra system also serves the purpose of preserving family lineage and heritage. It helps in maintaining records of ancestors and ensuring the continuity of family traditions, rituals, and customs. In many Hindu families, the gotra is considered an essential aspect of one's identity and is proudly passed down from one generation to the next.

Challenges and Modern Outlook:
While the gotra system has been an integral part of Hindu society for centuries, it has also faced criticism for its rigid structure and discriminatory practices. Some argue that it perpetuates inequality and caste-based divisions within the community. In recent times, there has been a shift towards more inclusive and progressive ideologies, with many individuals choosing to disregard the gotra system when it comes to marriage and social interactions.

In conclusion, gotra is a lineage or clan system prevalent in Hindu society. It plays a significant role in determining social and marital relationships, preserving family heritage, and maintaining genealogical records. While it has its challenges and critics, the gotra system continues to be an important aspect of Hindu culture in many communities.