Challenges faced by students in studying sociology in Class 12:
1. Complexity of concepts: Sociology involves studying complex theories, concepts, and perspectives, which can be challenging for students to comprehend and apply.

2. Lack of prior knowledge: Many students may not have had any prior exposure to sociology, making it difficult to grasp the subject matter and understand its relevance.

3. Heavy syllabus: The Class 12 sociology syllabus is extensive, covering a wide range of topics such as social institutions, social change, and social problems, which can be overwhelming for students to cover within a limited time frame.

4. Abstract nature of the subject: Sociology deals with intangible social phenomena, making it abstract and difficult for students to understand and visualize.

5. Linking theories to practical examples: Students may struggle to connect theoretical concepts to real-life situations, as sociology often requires the application of theories to analyze and interpret social phenomena.

6. Interdisciplinary nature: Sociology draws upon various other disciplines such as history, political science, and economics. Integrating knowledge from multiple sources can be challenging for students.

Ways to overcome these challenges:
1. Seek clarification: Students should actively participate in class discussions, ask questions, and seek clarification from teachers to enhance their understanding of complex concepts.

2. Develop a foundation: Students can start by building a foundation in basic sociological concepts by reading introductory textbooks, watching educational videos, or referring to reliable online resources.

3. Break down the syllabus: Breaking down the syllabus into smaller sections and creating a study plan can help students manage their time effectively and cover the topics systematically.

4. Visual aids and examples: Teachers can use visual aids such as diagrams, charts, and real-life examples to make abstract concepts more relatable and understandable for students.

5. Practice application: Students should actively engage in applying sociological theories to analyze and interpret social phenomena by discussing case studies, participating in group activities, or conducting research projects.

6. Interdisciplinary approach: Encouraging students to explore connections between sociology and other disciplines can help them develop a holistic understanding of social phenomena and their underlying causes.

By addressing these challenges and adopting effective learning strategies, students can overcome the difficulties faced in studying sociology in Class 12 and develop a comprehensive understanding of the subject.