B) Himachal Pradesh

The Gaddi shepherds are a nomadic community that belongs to the state of Himachal Pradesh in India. They follow a cycle of seasonal movement, which is a traditional practice that has been passed down through generations.

The Gaddis primarily inhabit the hilly regions of Himachal Pradesh, such as the Kangra Valley, Chamba, and parts of Lahaul-Spiti. They are known for their expertise in rearing and grazing sheep and goats. The Gaddi shepherds have a distinct way of life, which revolves around their livestock and the seasonal changes in the mountains.

1. Seasonal Movement:
The Gaddi shepherds move with their herds of sheep and goats from the lower valleys to the higher alpine meadows during the summer months. This movement is known as transhumance and is practiced to ensure that the livestock has access to fresh grazing pastures as the snow melts in the higher regions. The Gaddis have a deep understanding of the local geography and climate patterns, allowing them to time their movements accordingly.

2. Summer Grazing:
During the summer months, the Gaddi shepherds take their herds to the lush alpine meadows, also known as 'bugyals,' located at higher altitudes. These meadows provide abundant grass and vegetation, which is essential for the well-being of the livestock. The Gaddis set up temporary settlements in these meadows and stay there for several months.

3. Winter Migration:
As the winter approaches and the snow starts falling in the higher regions, the Gaddis begin their downward migration. They move back to the lower valleys, where the climate is relatively milder and the availability of fodder is better. The Gaddis have established winter settlements in these areas, where they stay until the next summer season.

4. Cultural Significance:
The seasonal movement of the Gaddi shepherds is not just a practical necessity but also holds cultural and social significance. It is a way for the community to maintain their ancestral traditions and connection with the land. The Gaddis have a rich folklore and oral history that is deeply intertwined with their nomadic lifestyle.

In conclusion, the Gaddi shepherds belong to Himachal Pradesh and practice a cycle of seasonal movement to ensure the well-being of their livestock. This tradition is deeply rooted in their culture and heritage, making them an integral part of the state's identity.

In a different area of the mountains, the Gaddi shepherds of Himachal Pradesh had a cycle of seasonal movement. They too spent their winter in the low hills of Siwalik range, grazing their flocks in scrub forests. By April they moved north and spent the summer in Lahaul and Spiti.