Consider the following statement: 1. Both the Kshatriyas and the Vais...
The correct answer is option 'A', which means both statement 1 and 2 are correct.
Explanation:
1. Both the Kshatriyas and the Vaishyas could perform sacrifices:
- In ancient Indian society, performing sacrifices was considered an important religious duty. While the Brahmins were traditionally the priestly class responsible for conducting rituals and sacrifices, other varnas (castes) also had the ability to perform sacrifices.
- The Kshatriyas, who were the warrior and ruling class, were allowed to perform certain types of sacrifices, especially those associated with their duties as rulers and protectors of society.
- The Vaishyas, who were the agricultural and merchant class, were also allowed to perform sacrifices, particularly those related to their economic activities and prosperity.
- Thus, statement 1 is correct as both the Kshatriyas and the Vaishyas could perform sacrifices, although the Brahmins held the highest authority in religious rituals.
2. Rajagriha (present-day Rajgir) in Bihar was the capital of Magadha for several years:
- Magadha was an important Mahajanapada (republic or kingdom) in ancient India. It was located in present-day Bihar and parts of Uttar Pradesh.
- Rajagriha, also known as Rajgir, was the capital of Magadha for a significant period. It was strategically located in a hilly region, providing natural defenses and a favorable position for trade and governance.
- Rajagriha served as the capital of Magadha during the reign of important rulers like Bimbisara and Ajatashatru. It was a major center of political, economic, and religious activities in ancient India.
- Therefore, statement 2 is correct as Rajagriha was indeed the capital of Magadha for several years.
3. No evidence of punch-marked coins in the Mahajanapada period:
- The Mahajanapada period in ancient India (circa 600–300 BCE) was characterized by the rise of large territorial states or republics known as Mahajanapadas.
- During this period, various types of coins were used for trade and commerce. However, punch-marked coins, which were small pieces of metal with symbols punched on them, did not exist during the Mahajanapada period.
- Punch-marked coins emerged later, around the 6th century BCE, and became more prevalent during the Mauryan Empire (4th to 2nd century BCE).
- Therefore, statement 3 is incorrect as there is evidence of punch-marked coins in later periods, including the Mauryan Empire.
In conclusion, statement 1 and statement 2 are correct, while statement 3 is incorrect. Hence, the correct answer is option 'A' (1 and 2 only).
Consider the following statement: 1. Both the Kshatriyas and the Vais...
- The first varna was that of the brahmin. Brahmins were expected to study (and teach) the Vedas, perform sacrifices and receive gifts. In the second place were the rulers, also known as Kshatriyas. Both the Kshatriyas and the Vaishyas could perform sacrifices.
- Evidence has been found that Some payments were probably made using punch-marked coins.
- Rajagriha (present-day Rajgir) in Bihar was the capital of Magadha for several years.
To make sure you are not studying endlessly, EduRev has designed UPSC study material, with Structured Courses, Videos, & Test Series. Plus get personalized analysis, doubt solving and improvement plans to achieve a great score in UPSC.