Hydrolysis of Compounds A-D:

Introduction:
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which a compound reacts with water to form two or more new compounds. In this process, the water molecule is split and its hydrogen and hydroxide ions react with the compound to form new products. In this context, we will analyze the hydrolysis of compounds A-D, namely NCl3, NF3, BiCl3, and PCl3.

1. NCl3 (Nitrogen Trichloride):
NCl3 readily undergoes hydrolysis. It reacts with water to form hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitrogen gas (N2). The reaction can be represented as follows:
NCl3 + 3H2O → 3HCl + N2
This reaction occurs because the nitrogen atom in NCl3 is electron-deficient and can accept a lone pair of electrons from the oxygen atom in water. The resulting positive charge on nitrogen is stabilized by the chloride ions, leading to the formation of hydrochloric acid and nitrogen gas.

2. NF3 (Nitrogen Trifluoride):
NF3 is a stable compound and does not undergo hydrolysis under normal conditions. The nitrogen atom in NF3 does not have an empty orbital to accept a lone pair of electrons from water. Therefore, NF3 does not react with water to form any new compounds.

3. BiCl3 (Bismuth Trichloride):
BiCl3 undergoes hydrolysis to a limited extent. It reacts with water to form hydrochloric acid (HCl) and bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl). The reaction can be represented as follows:
BiCl3 + H2O ⇌ BiOCl + 2HCl
The hydrolysis of BiCl3 is a reversible reaction, and the extent of hydrolysis depends on the concentration of water and the temperature. In the presence of excess water, the hydrolysis reaction shifts towards the formation of bismuth oxychloride and hydrochloric acid.

4. PCl3 (Phosphorus Trichloride):
PCl3 readily undergoes hydrolysis. It reacts with water to form phosphorous acid (H3PO3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). The reaction can be represented as follows:
PCl3 + 3H2O → H3PO3 + 3HCl
The phosphorus atom in PCl3 has an empty orbital to accept a lone pair of electrons from water, leading to the formation of phosphorous acid. The resulting hydrochloric acid is also produced in this reaction.

Conclusion:
Among the compounds A-D, NCl3 and PCl3 are the ones that hydrolyze easily. NCl3 reacts with water to form hydrochloric acid and nitrogen gas, while PCl3 reacts with water to form phosphorous acid and hydrochloric acid. On the other hand, NF3 is a stable compound and does not undergo hydrolysis. BiCl3 undergoes hydrolysis to a limited extent, forming bismuth oxychloride and hydrochloric acid.