The correct answer is option 'B', Article 124.

Article 124 of the Indian Constitution deals with the establishment of the Supreme Court. It outlines the composition, appointment, and powers of the Supreme Court, which is the highest judicial authority in India. Let's discuss the key points of Article 124 in detail:

Composition of the Supreme Court:
- The Supreme Court consists of a Chief Justice of India (CJI) and other judges as determined by Parliament.
- The number of judges can be altered by Parliament, but it should not be fewer than the Chief Justice and four other judges.

Appointment of Judges:
- The President of India appoints the Chief Justice and other judges of the Supreme Court.
- The President appoints judges based on the advice of the Chief Justice and other senior judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.
- The President can consult other judges if necessary.

Qualifications for Appointment:
- To be appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court, an individual must be a citizen of India.
- They must have served as a judge of a High Court for at least five years or as an advocate of a High Court for at least ten years or must be an eminent jurist with exceptional legal knowledge and experience.

Tenure and Removal:
- Judges of the Supreme Court hold office until they attain the age of 65 years.
- They can resign from their office by writing to the President.
- A judge can be removed from office only through the process of impeachment by Parliament on grounds of proved misbehavior or incapacity.

Powers and Jurisdiction:
- The Supreme Court has original, appellate, and advisory jurisdiction.
- It has the power to hear and decide disputes between the Government of India and one or more States, or between two or more States, and other cases of public importance.
- The Supreme Court is the highest appellate court and has the power to hear appeals from the High Courts and other subordinate courts.
- It also has the power to issue writs for the enforcement of fundamental rights.

In conclusion, Article 124 of the Indian Constitution provides for the establishment, composition, appointment, and powers of the Supreme Court. This article ensures the independence and functioning of the highest judicial authority in the country.