Class E chopper is a type of chopper circuit that is used to control the speed of a DC motor. It is called a Class E chopper because it operates in all four quadrants of the voltage-current plane. Let's understand the different quadrants and why Class E chopper can operate in all of them.

Quadrants in a Chopper Circuit:
A chopper circuit can be divided into four quadrants based on the direction of current flow and voltage polarity. These quadrants are as follows:

1. First Quadrant: In this quadrant, both the voltage and current are positive. The power is positive, indicating power delivery from the source to the load.

2. Second Quadrant: In this quadrant, the voltage is positive, but the current is negative. The power is negative, indicating power flow from the load to the source. This quadrant is commonly known as the regenerative mode.

3. Third Quadrant: In this quadrant, both the voltage and current are negative. The power is positive, indicating power delivery from the source to the load in the opposite direction.

4. Fourth Quadrant: In this quadrant, the voltage is negative, but the current is positive. The power is negative, indicating power flow from the load to the source in the opposite direction. This quadrant is also known as the regenerative mode.

Class E Chopper Operation:
Class E chopper is unique because it can operate in all four quadrants. This is achieved by using a bidirectional switch, such as an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), which allows current flow in both directions. The switch can be controlled to reverse the polarity of the voltage to change the direction of current flow.

In the first and third quadrants, the switch is operated in the forward direction, allowing power delivery from the source to the load. In the second and fourth quadrants, the switch is operated in the reverse direction, facilitating power flow from the load to the source.

The bidirectional switch in a Class E chopper enables it to control the speed and direction of a DC motor efficiently. By dynamically changing the switch operation and controlling the duty cycle, the chopper can regulate the average voltage applied to the motor, thus controlling the motor speed.

Conclusion:
In summary, a Class E chopper is capable of operating in all four quadrants of the voltage-current plane. This versatility allows it to control the speed and direction of a DC motor effectively, making it a valuable tool in various applications requiring precise motor control.

Class E chopper is a type of DC-DC converter that is widely used in various applications, such as electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and industrial drives. It is a four-quadrant chopper, which means it can operate in all four quadrants of the voltage-current plane.

Explanation of each option:

a) Class E chopper can operate in the second quadrant only.
This statement is incorrect. A Class E chopper is not limited to operating in the second quadrant only. It can operate in all four quadrants.

b) Class E chopper can operate in the first or third quadrant.
This statement is incorrect as well. A Class E chopper is not limited to operating in the first or third quadrant only. It can operate in all four quadrants.

c) Class E chopper can operate in all four quadrants.
This is the correct answer. Class E chopper is a four-quadrant chopper, which means it can operate in all four quadrants of the voltage-current plane. It can produce both positive and negative output voltage and current, allowing bidirectional power flow.

d) Class E chopper can operate in either the second or third quadrant.
This statement is incorrect. Class E chopper is not limited to operating in either the second or third quadrant only. It can operate in all four quadrants.

In summary, a Class E chopper can operate in all four quadrants of the voltage-current plane. It is not limited to any specific quadrant and can produce both positive and negative output voltage and current. This makes it a versatile DC-DC converter that can be used in various applications requiring bidirectional power flow.