Under Aurangzeb
Aurangzeb, the sixth Mughal emperor, ruled from 1658 to 1707. During his reign, the Mughal empire reached its territorial climax for several reasons:
- Military campaigns: Aurangzeb was known for his military prowess and conducted numerous successful military campaigns to expand the empire's territories. He annexed the Deccan region, Bijapur, Golconda, and parts of Central India, which significantly increased the empire's size.
- Administrative reforms: Aurangzeb implemented various administrative reforms to strengthen the empire's governance. He centralized the administration, improved revenue collection systems, and established a strict code of conduct for government officials.
- Religious policies: Aurangzeb's policies towards non-Muslims, particularly Hindus, were a significant factor in the empire's expansion. He imposed the jizya tax on non-Muslims and destroyed Hindu temples, which led to increased revenue and territorial control.
- Infrastructure development: Aurangzeb invested in infrastructure projects such as roads, bridges, and forts, which facilitated the empire's expansion and control over new territories.
- Control over trade routes: The Mughal empire under Aurangzeb had a strong grip on key trade routes, including the Silk Road and maritime trade routes, which boosted economic prosperity and territorial influence.
In conclusion, under Aurangzeb's rule, the Mughal empire reached its territorial climax through military conquests, administrative reforms, religious policies, infrastructure development, and control over trade routes. His reign marked the zenith of the empire's territorial expanse.