Administrative Law

Administrative law is a branch of law that deals with the legal principles governing the activities of administrative agencies of the government. It encompasses the rules and regulations that govern the exercise of administrative power by the government and its various agencies. In the UPSC Paper II, the topic of administrative law holds significant importance and requires a comprehensive understanding. Here are some effective ways to cover the topic:

Understand the Basics:
- Start by understanding the basic concepts and principles of administrative law, such as separation of powers, rule of law, natural justice, and judicial review.
- Familiarize yourself with key terms like administrative discretion, administrative adjudication, administrative tribunals, and delegated legislation.

Study Constitutional Provisions:
- Study the constitutional provisions that relate to administrative law, such as Article 14 (equality before law), Article 19 (freedom of speech and expression), Article 21 (right to life and personal liberty), and Article 311 (protection of civil servants).

Learn about Administrative Agencies:
- Understand the different types of administrative agencies, such as executive departments, regulatory bodies, and quasi-judicial bodies.
- Study the functions, powers, and limitations of administrative agencies, as well as their relationship with the executive, legislature, and judiciary.

Explore Judicial Review:
- Judicial review is a crucial aspect of administrative law. Understand the concept of judicial review and its role in ensuring the legality and fairness of administrative actions.
- Study landmark cases that have shaped the principles of judicial review, such as the Kesavananda Bharati case, Maneka Gandhi case, and the Minerva Mills case.

Examine Principles of Natural Justice:
- Natural justice is a fundamental principle of administrative law. Understand the principles of audi alteram partem (right to be heard) and nemo judex in causa sua (no one should be a judge in their own case).
- Learn about the different rules of natural justice, such as the rule against bias and the duty to give reasons.

Understand Delegated Legislation:
- Delegated legislation refers to laws made by administrative agencies under the authority of the legislature. Study the types, advantages, and limitations of delegated legislation.
- Familiarize yourself with the various control mechanisms over delegated legislation, such as parliamentary scrutiny and judicial review.

Stay Updated:
- Keep yourself updated with recent developments and amendments in administrative law, as new judgments and legislations may have significant implications.
- Read relevant articles, books, and case studies to deepen your understanding of the subject.

In conclusion, to effectively cover the topic of administrative law, it is essential to have a solid understanding of the basic concepts, constitutional provisions, administrative agencies, judicial review, principles of natural justice, and delegated legislation. Regular practice of solving previous years' question papers and participating in mock tests can also help in enhancing your preparation for the UPSC examination.