Introduction:
Non-state actors, civil society, and transnational advocacy groups play a significant role in influencing global governance and policies. Their involvement brings diverse perspectives, expertise, and grassroots movements that shape decision-making processes at the global level.

Role of Non-State Actors:
Non-state actors, such as multinational corporations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and international organizations, have become increasingly influential in global governance. They contribute to policy-making, implementation, and monitoring through various means.

- Multinational corporations: These entities often possess significant financial and technological resources, enabling them to influence policies through lobbying, public-private partnerships, and corporate social responsibility initiatives.
- NGOs: Civil society organizations, such as Amnesty International or Greenpeace, advocate for social and environmental issues at the global level. They engage in research, advocacy, and lobbying to influence policies and hold governments and intergovernmental organizations accountable.
- International organizations: Organizations like the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and World Trade Organization influence global governance through their policy recommendations, lending programs, and dispute settlement mechanisms.

Role of Civil Society:
Civil society, comprising individuals, community groups, and grassroots organizations, plays a crucial role in influencing global governance and policies.

- Grassroots movements: Civil society mobilizes grassroots movements that raise awareness, advocate for change, and hold governments accountable. Examples include the Arab Spring protests or the Fridays for Future climate strikes led by Greta Thunberg.
- Advocacy and lobbying: Civil society organizations engage in advocacy and lobbying activities to influence policies and decision-making processes. They provide expertise, research, and alternative perspectives to governments and international organizations.
- Monitoring and accountability: Civil society acts as a watchdog, monitoring the implementation of policies and holding governments accountable for their actions. They often collaborate with international organizations to ensure transparency and good governance.

Role of Transnational Advocacy Groups:
Transnational advocacy groups, also known as global civil society networks, focus on specific issues and work across borders to influence global governance and policies.

- Networked activism: Transnational advocacy groups leverage digital platforms, social media, and global networks to mobilize supporters, share information, and coordinate actions. They amplify voices, raise awareness, and put pressure on governments and international organizations.
- Policy research and expertise: These groups conduct research, produce reports, and provide expert opinions on various issues. Their evidence-based approach enhances the credibility and influence of their advocacy efforts.
- Coalition building: Transnational advocacy groups collaborate with other civil society organizations, governments, and international institutions to form coalitions. By uniting efforts, they can better influence global governance and policies.

Conclusion:
Non-state actors, civil society, and transnational advocacy groups have a significant impact on global governance and policies. Their involvement brings diverse perspectives, expertise, and grassroots movements that shape decision-making processes. By engaging in advocacy, lobbying, and networking, these actors contribute to a more inclusive, transparent, and accountable global governance framework.