Introduction:
Urbanization refers to the process of migration of people from rural areas to urban areas, resulting in the growth and expansion of cities and towns. These patterns of urbanization have significant impacts on society, both positive and negative. In this answer, we will explore the urbanization patterns and their impact on society in human geography.

Causes of Urbanization:
1. Industrialization: The growth of industries in urban areas attracts people from rural areas in search of better job opportunities and higher wages.
2. Rural-urban migration: People migrate from rural areas to urban areas due to push factors such as poverty, lack of employment, and pull factors like better education, healthcare, and infrastructure in cities.

Urbanization Patterns:
1. Concentric Zone Model: This model suggests that cities grow outward from a central business district in a series of concentric rings. The innermost ring consists of the oldest and most expensive housing, while the outer rings are characterized by newer and cheaper housing.
2. Sector Model: According to this model, cities grow in sectors along transportation routes and corridors. Different sectors of the city are developed for different purposes, such as residential, commercial, or industrial areas.
3. Multiple Nuclei Model: This model proposes that cities have multiple centers or nuclei, each with its own specific functions and characteristics. These nuclei develop based on factors like transportation, economic activities, and social factors.

Impact on Society:
1. Economic Development: Urbanization promotes economic growth by attracting investments, creating job opportunities, and stimulating innovation and entrepreneurship. Urban areas become centers of economic activities, leading to increased productivity and higher standards of living.
2. Social and Cultural Diversity: Urban areas are often characterized by a diverse population with different ethnic, religious, and cultural backgrounds. This diversity enhances social interactions, promotes cultural exchange, and fosters tolerance and understanding among people.
3. Infrastructure and Services: Urbanization leads to the development of better infrastructure, including transportation, healthcare, education, and sanitation facilities. This improves the quality of life and access to essential services for urban residents.
4. Environmental Challenges: Rapid urbanization also brings environmental challenges such as air and water pollution, deforestation, and increased energy consumption. Unplanned urban growth can lead to the degradation of natural resources and loss of biodiversity.
5. Social Inequalities: Urbanization can exacerbate social inequalities, as not all urban residents benefit equally from the opportunities and resources available. Slums and informal settlements often emerge in cities, leading to issues like poverty, crime, and inadequate housing conditions.

Conclusion:
Urbanization patterns have a profound impact on society in human geography. While urbanization contributes to economic development, social diversity, and improved infrastructure, it also poses challenges such as environmental degradation and social inequalities. It is crucial for urban planners and policymakers to adopt sustainable and inclusive approaches to urbanization, ensuring that the benefits are shared equitably and the negative impacts are mitigated.