1. Understand the Concepts:
- Familiarize yourself with the concepts of individual agency and structural constraints in sociology.
- Individual agency refers to the capacity of individuals to act independently and make choices that shape their lives.
- Structural constraints refer to the social, economic, and political factors that limit individual agency and influence behavior.

2. Analyze the Case Study:
- Carefully read and analyze the case study to identify the key individuals and the social structures impacting their actions.
- Look for evidence of how individual agency is constrained by structural factors.

3. Identify Examples of Individual Agency:
- Look for instances in the case study where individuals exercise their agency despite structural constraints.
- Discuss how these individuals make choices and take actions that reflect their personal values and goals.

4. Identify Structural Constraints:
- Identify the structural constraints present in the case study that may limit individual agency.
- This could include factors such as social norms, economic inequality, institutional discrimination, or political systems.

5. Analyze Interplay between Agency and Constraints:
- Explore the complex interplay between individual agency and structural constraints in the case study.
- Discuss how structural constraints shape individual choices and actions, and how individual agency can challenge or conform to these constraints.

6. Provide Balanced Analysis:
- Ensure that your case study answer reflects a balanced understanding of both individual agency and structural constraints.
- Avoid oversimplifying the issue by solely focusing on one aspect without considering the other.

7. Use Theoretical Frameworks:
- Draw upon sociological theories and concepts to analyze the case study in a nuanced manner.
- This could include theories such as structuration theory, socialization, or intersectionality.

8. Provide Real-World Examples:
- Support your analysis with relevant real-world examples from sociology research or other case studies.
- This helps to strengthen your argument and demonstrate a broader understanding of the topic.

By following these strategies, your case study answers in sociology optional will reflect a nuanced appreciation of both individual agency and structural constraints, showcasing your understanding of the complex dynamics at play in society.