Perception refers to the process by which individuals interpret and give meaning to sensory information from their environment. When revising topics related to perception to address questions on cognitive psychology, it is important to focus on the following key points:

1. Sensation and Perception: Understand the distinction between sensation and perception. Sensation involves the initial detection of sensory stimuli, while perception involves the interpretation and organization of that information.

2. Sensory Processes: Review the different sensory processes, such as vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. Understand the basic anatomy and functioning of these sensory systems, including how sensory information is transmitted to the brain.

3. Perceptual Organization: Learn about the principles of perceptual organization, such as figure-ground, proximity, similarity, and closure. Understand how these principles influence the way we perceive and interpret the world around us.

4. Perceptual Illusions: Familiarize yourself with various perceptual illusions, such as the Müller-Lyer illusion or the Ponzo illusion. These illusions highlight the discrepancies between perception and reality and can provide insights into the underlying processes of perception.


Attention plays a crucial role in cognitive processes and is closely related to perception. To revise topics related to attention for cognitive psychology questions, consider the following:

1. Selective Attention: Understand the concept of selective attention, which refers to the ability to focus on specific stimuli while filtering out irrelevant information. Review research on selective attention, such as the classic "cocktail party effect."

2. Attentional Processes: Familiarize yourself with different attentional processes, including divided attention (attending to multiple tasks simultaneously) and sustained attention (maintaining focus over an extended period). Consider the factors that influence attention, such as arousal level, task difficulty, and personal relevance.

3. Attentional Networks: Learn about the different attentional networks, including the alerting network (maintaining a state of readiness), the orienting network (directing attention to specific stimuli), and the executive control network (regulating attention and inhibiting irrelevant information).


Memory is a fundamental cognitive process that involves the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information. When revising topics related to memory in the context of cognitive psychology, focus on the following:

1. Types of Memory: Understand the different types of memory, including sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Learn about the characteristics and limitations of each type.

2. Memory Processes: Review the processes involved in memory, such as encoding (how information is initially acquired), storage (how information is retained over time), and retrieval (how information is recalled or recognized).

3. Models of Memory: Familiarize yourself with different models of memory, such as the Information Processing Model and the Multi-Store Model. Understand the key components and processes proposed by these models.

4. Factors Affecting Memory: Consider the factors that can influence memory, such as attention, rehearsal, organization, emotional arousal, and context. Review research on memory distortions, false memories, and forgetting.


Sensory processes are intimately connected to perception and attention. When revising topics related to sensory processes for cognitive psychology questions, focus on the following:

1. Sensory Transduction: Understand how sensory stimuli are converted into neural signals through the process of sensory transduction. Review the specific mechanisms involved