Research Methods:
Research methods refer to the techniques and approaches used to gather and analyze data for a research study. It is essential to have a clear understanding of research methods to address questions related to research methodology. Here are some key points to revise:

- Types of research methods: Familiarize yourself with various research methods, such as quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Understand their characteristics and when to use each method.

- Data collection techniques: Learn about different data collection techniques, including surveys, interviews, observations, experiments, and archival research. Understand the strengths and limitations of each technique and when to use them.

- Sampling methods: Revise different sampling techniques, such as random sampling, stratified sampling, and convenience sampling. Understand the principles behind each sampling method and their implications for generalizability.

- Data analysis: Review statistical techniques used for data analysis, such as descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. Understand how to interpret and present statistical findings accurately.

- Validity and reliability: Refresh your knowledge of validity and reliability in research. Understand the importance of these concepts in ensuring the accuracy and consistency of research results.

- Experimental design: Revisit experimental design principles, including independent and dependent variables, control groups, random assignment, and experimental conditions. Understand the different types of experimental designs, such as between-subjects and within-subjects designs.

- Sampling error and bias: Understand the concept of sampling error and the potential biases that can affect research findings, such as selection bias, response bias, and social desirability bias.

Ethical Considerations:
Ethical considerations are crucial in research methodology to ensure the well-being and rights of participants. Here are some key points to revise:

- Informed consent: Understand the importance of obtaining informed consent from participants, including the disclosure of study purpose, procedures, risks, and benefits. Learn about exceptions to informed consent, such as minimal risk studies.

- Confidentiality and anonymity: Review the ethical obligation to protect participants' privacy by maintaining confidentiality and anonymity. Understand the procedures to ensure data security and participant anonymity.

- Avoidance of harm: Revise the ethical principle of minimizing harm to participants. Understand the steps researchers should take to minimize physical, psychological, and social harm during the research process.

- Debriefing: Learn about the debriefing process, which involves providing participants with information about the study's purpose and addressing any concerns or questions they may have after participation.

- Conflict of interest: Understand the importance of disclosing any potential conflicts of interest that may influence research findings or bias the researcher's objectivity.

- Responsible conduct of research: Review the ethical guidelines and codes of conduct specific to the field of research you are studying. Understand the professional standards and ethical responsibilities expected of researchers.

By revising these topics in detail and understanding their key concepts and principles, you will be well-prepared to address questions on research methodology effectively. Remember to practice applying these concepts to research scenarios to enhance your understanding and problem-solving skills in this area.