The capital of Madhya Pradesh is Bhopal.

Bhopal, the capital city of Madhya Pradesh, is located in the central part of India. It is known for its rich history, culture, and beautiful natural surroundings. Bhopal serves as the administrative headquarters of the state and is one of the largest cities in Madhya Pradesh.

Historical Significance:
- Bhopal has a long and fascinating history. It was founded by Raja Bhoja in the 11th century and was later ruled by various dynasties such as the Mughals and the Marathas.
- The city gained prominence during the reign of Dost Mohammad Khan, a Pashtun soldier who established the Bhopal State in the 18th century.
- Under the rule of the Begums of Bhopal, the city witnessed significant development in areas like education, infrastructure, and governance.

Cultural Heritage:
- Bhopal is known for its rich cultural heritage, which is reflected in its architecture, festivals, and cuisine.
- The city is home to several historical monuments, including the iconic Taj-ul-Masjid, one of the largest mosques in India, and the Shaukat Mahal and Sadar Manzil, which showcase a blend of Indo-Islamic and European architectural styles.
- Bhopal is also famous for its traditional handicrafts, such as beadwork, embroidery, and handloom fabrics.

Economic and Administrative Importance:
- As the capital city, Bhopal plays a crucial role in the economic and administrative affairs of Madhya Pradesh.
- It is a major center for government offices, educational institutions, and industries.
- Bhopal is home to several public sector enterprises, including Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) and Hindustan Electro Graphite (HEG), which contribute significantly to the local economy.

Education and Research:
- Bhopal is a hub of education and research, with numerous prestigious institutions and universities located in the city.
- The city is home to the Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT), the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), and the Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), among others.
- Bhopal also has several research institutions, including the Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).

In conclusion, Bhopal is the capital of Madhya Pradesh and holds historical, cultural, economic, and educational significance. The city's rich heritage, administrative importance, and educational institutions make it a significant cultural and economic center in central India.