- Start by reading and studying textbooks that cover animal ecology and conservation. Some recommended textbooks include:
- "Ecology: Concepts and Applications" by Manuel C. Molles Jr.
- "Conservation Science: Balancing the Needs of People and Nature" by Peter Kareiva, Michelle Marvier, and Brian Silliman.
- "Principles of Conservation Biology" by Martha J. Groom, Gary K. Meffe, and C. Ronald Carroll.
- Take thorough notes and highlight important concepts and examples.


- Stay updated with the latest research in animal ecology and conservation by following scientific journals and publications such as:
- "Conservation Biology"
- "Ecology"
- "Journal of Applied Ecology"
- "Animal Conservation"
- Read research papers, articles, and reviews to gain deeper insights into specific topics and current issues in the field.


- Participate in conferences, seminars, and workshops related to animal ecology and conservation. These events provide opportunities to learn from experts, network with professionals, and stay updated on the latest advancements in the field.


- Engage in online forums and discussion groups focused on animal ecology and conservation. These platforms allow you to interact with like-minded individuals, ask questions, and share knowledge and resources.


- Gain hands-on experience by engaging in fieldwork and practical activities related to animal ecology and conservation. This can include volunteering with research projects, participating in wildlife surveys, or working with conservation organizations.


- Solve previous years' question papers of the UPSC Zoology Optional subject to familiarize yourself with the exam pattern, types of questions, and key topics. This will help you identify areas where you need to focus and improve your understanding.


- Create concise notes and mind maps summarizing key concepts, theories, and examples in animal ecology and conservation. This will help you revise and retain information more effectively.


- Practice writing essays and answer writing on various topics related to animal ecology and conservation. This will improve your ability to articulate your thoughts and knowledge during the exam.


- Seek guidance from experts and mentors in the field of animal ecology and conservation. They can provide valuable insights, recommend additional resources, and help clarify any doubts or questions you may have.

Remember, consistent and dedicated effort is key to improving your knowledge in any subject. Stay motivated, set realistic goals, and allocate sufficient time for study and revision.