Medical organizations and institutions to be familiar with for the exam:

It is essential for candidates preparing for the UPSC exam to be familiar with various medical organizations and institutions. These organizations play a crucial role in shaping healthcare policies, conducting research, and providing medical services. Here are some key medical organizations and institutions that candidates should be aware of:

1. World Health Organization (WHO):
- The WHO is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.
- It provides leadership, sets health standards, and coordinates global health policies.
- Candidates should be familiar with its mission, functions, and major initiatives like the Global Health Observatory and Health Emergency Response.

2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):
- The CDC is a national public health agency of the United States.
- It focuses on disease control, prevention, and health promotion.
- Candidates should know about its various programs, including the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.

3. National Institutes of Health (NIH):
- The NIH is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research.
- It comprises various institutes and centers, such as the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
- Candidates should be familiar with its research funding, clinical trials, and major research initiatives.

4. Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR):
- The ICMR is the apex body in India for the formulation, coordination, and promotion of biomedical research.
- It plays a crucial role in disease surveillance, development of guidelines, and capacity building in medical research.
- Candidates should know about its research institutes, programs, and collaborations with national and international organizations.

5. World Medical Association (WMA):
- The WMA is an international federation of medical associations representing physicians worldwide.
- It sets ethical standards for the medical profession and advocates for the rights of patients and healthcare professionals.
- Candidates should be familiar with its policies, declarations, and initiatives related to medical ethics and human rights.

6. Indian Medical Association (IMA):
- The IMA is the national voluntary organization of doctors in India.
- It works towards promoting medical ethics, providing continuing medical education, and advocating for the rights of doctors.
- Candidates should know about its role in policy advocacy, professional development programs, and public health campaigns.

7. National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers (NABH):
- The NABH is a constituent board of the Quality Council of India, responsible for accreditation and quality assurance of healthcare organizations.
- It sets standards for patient safety, quality improvement, and healthcare delivery.
- Candidates should be familiar with its accreditation process, standards, and impact on healthcare quality.

8. Medical Council of India (MCI):
- The MCI is the statutory body for regulating medical education and practice in India.
- It sets standards for medical education, maintains the Indian Medical Register, and regulates ethical conduct among medical professionals.
- Candidates should know about its functions, regulations, and recent reforms like the National Medical Commission Act.

9. Indian Nursing Council (INC):
- The INC is an autonomous body under the Government of India responsible for regulating nursing education and practice.
- It sets standards