Answer:

Introduction:
The UPSC Physics Optional paper consists of both theoretical and numerical-based questions. Numerical-based questions require a clear understanding of concepts and strong problem-solving skills. Here are some specific tips to effectively answer numerical-based questions in UPSC Physics Optional:

1. Understand the problem:
- Read the question carefully and identify the given data, required data, and the concept involved.
- Identify the relevant formulas or equations that can be used to solve the problem.

2. Organize the given data:
- List down all the given data in an organized manner.
- Assign variables or symbols to each quantity mentioned in the question.

3. Analyze the problem:
- Break down the problem into smaller parts and analyze each part separately.
- Identify any assumptions or approximations that can be made to simplify the problem.

4. Apply the relevant formulas:
- Use the appropriate formula or equation to calculate the required data.
- Substitute the given values into the formula and solve for the unknown quantity.

5. Take care of units:
- Pay attention to the units of the given data and ensure that all the quantities are in the same unit system.
- Convert the units if necessary and use the correct units in the final answer.

6. Check for reasonableness:
- After obtaining the numerical result, check if it is reasonable and within the expected range.
- Cross-verify the answer by estimating or using rough calculations.

7. Present the answer:
- Clearly state the final answer with appropriate units.
- Show the complete solution, including any intermediate steps or calculations.

8. Practice regularly:
- Regular practice of numerical problems from previous years' question papers and reference books will enhance problem-solving skills.
- Solve problems under timed conditions to improve speed and accuracy.

Conclusion:
Answering numerical-based questions in UPSC Physics Optional requires a systematic approach and thorough understanding of concepts. By following these tips and practicing regularly, candidates can improve their problem-solving skills and score well in the examination.