Understanding the underlying concepts from previous years' papers is more important than simply memorizing answers. Memorization may help in the short term, but it does not guarantee a deep understanding of the subject matter. By focusing on understanding the underlying concepts, you will be better equipped to tackle a wide range of questions and apply your knowledge in real-life situations. Here's a detailed explanation of why understanding concepts is crucial:

1. Critical Thinking:
Understanding the concept: When you focus on understanding the underlying concepts, you develop critical thinking skills. You learn how to analyze problems, evaluate different perspectives, and come up with creative solutions. This is essential for exams like UPSC, as they often require candidates to think critically and provide well-reasoned answers.

2. Adaptability:
Understanding the concept: Memorizing answers may limit your ability to adapt to different scenarios. Each year, the UPSC exam may have new questions or variations on previous ones. By understanding the underlying concepts, you will be able to adapt your knowledge to answer these questions effectively.

3. Application:
Understanding the concept: Memorization focuses on regurgitating information, while understanding concepts enables you to apply your knowledge to real-world situations. UPSC exams often test candidates' ability to analyze and solve complex problems. By understanding the concepts, you will be better prepared to apply your knowledge in practical scenarios.

4. Retention:
Understanding the concept: Understanding concepts leads to better retention of information. When you understand the why and how behind a concept, you are more likely to remember it in the long term. Memorization, on the other hand, is often short-lived and easily forgotten once the exam is over.

5. Flexibility:
Understanding the concept: Understanding concepts allows for flexibility in answering questions. UPSC exams often require candidates to provide comprehensive and well-rounded answers. By understanding the underlying concepts, you can adapt your answer to the specific question and provide a more holistic response.

In conclusion, understanding the underlying concepts from previous years' papers is more beneficial than simply memorizing answers. It enhances critical thinking, adaptability, application, retention, and flexibility. While memorization may provide short-term gains, it is understanding the concepts that will truly help you excel in the UPSC exam and beyond.