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What are the important chemical reactions and mechanisms to memorize for UPSC Chemistry optional?
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Important Chemical Reactions and Mechanisms to Memorize for UPSC Chemistry Optional


1. Acid-Base Reactions:


  • Neutralization Reactions: The reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water.

  • Hydrolysis Reactions: The reaction of a salt with water to produce an acid or a base.

  • Titration Reactions: The process of determining the concentration of an acid or a base by reacting it with a known concentration of another acid or base.



2. Redox Reactions:


  • Oxidation: The loss of electrons by a substance.

  • Reduction: The gain of electrons by a substance.

  • Balancing Redox Reactions: The process of balancing chemical equations involving redox reactions by assigning oxidation numbers and using half-reactions.

  • Electrochemical Cells: The devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy through redox reactions.



3. Organic Reactions:


  • Substitution Reactions: The replacement of one atom or group by another in a molecule.

  • Addition Reactions: The addition of atoms or groups to a molecule.

  • Elimination Reactions: The removal of atoms or groups from a molecule to form a double bond or a ring.

  • Oxidation-Reduction Reactions: The reactions involving the transfer of electrons between organic compounds.

  • Reaction Mechanisms: The detailed step-by-step pathways in which reactions occur.



4. Polymerization Reactions:


  • Addition Polymerization: The process of joining monomers together to form a polymer by adding double bonds.

  • Condensation Polymerization: The process of joining monomers together to form a polymer by eliminating a small molecule, such as water.

  • Copolymerization: The process of polymerizing two or more different monomers together.



5. Inorganic Reactions:


  • Metathesis Reactions: The exchange of ions between two compounds to form new compounds.

  • Precipitation Reactions: The formation of a solid precipitate when two solutions are mixed.

  • Complexation Reactions: The formation of complex ions by the coordination of a ligand to a metal ion.



6. Nuclear Reactions:


  • Radioactive Decay: The spontaneous disintegration of unstable atomic nuclei.

  • Nuclear Fission: The splitting of atomic nuclei into
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What are the important chemical reactions and mechanisms to memorize for UPSC Chemistry optional?
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