Analytical techniques and separation methods are an essential part of the Chemistry optional paper in the UPSC exam. These questions require a thorough understanding of various techniques used to analyze and separate different components in a given sample. Here are some effective strategies to answer such questions:

1. Understand the Basics:
Before attempting questions related to analytical techniques and separation methods, it is crucial to have a clear understanding of the basic principles and concepts behind these techniques. Familiarize yourself with terms like chromatography, spectroscopy, electrophoresis, etc., and their working principles.

2. Read the Question Carefully:
Analytical techniques and separation methods can vary significantly, and the question may specifically mention a particular technique or method. Therefore, it is essential to carefully read the question and identify the specific technique or method being referred to.

3. Define the Technique/Method:
Start your answer by providing a brief definition and explanation of the analytical technique or separation method mentioned in the question. This will help establish a strong foundation for the subsequent discussion.

4. Explain the Working Principle:
Next, describe in detail the working principle of the technique or method. Explain how it separates or analyzes the components in a given sample. Use diagrams or flowcharts if necessary to illustrate the process and make it more visually appealing.

5. Discuss the Applications:
Highlight the applications of the analytical technique or separation method being discussed. Explain how it is used in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, environmental analysis, forensic science, etc. This will showcase the importance and relevance of the technique in real-life scenarios.

6. Compare with Other Techniques:
If the question allows, compare the technique or method with other similar techniques or methods. Discuss their differences, advantages, and limitations. This demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.

7. Provide Examples:
Support your answer with relevant examples to make it more comprehensive and practical. Discuss specific experiments or studies where the analytical technique or separation method has been applied successfully.

8. Summarize the Key Points:
Conclude your answer by summarizing the key points discussed. Emphasize the significance of the technique or method and its contribution to the field of analytical chemistry.

By following these strategies, you can effectively answer questions related to analytical techniques and separation methods in the UPSC Chemistry optional paper. Remember to practice solving previous years' question papers and refer to standard textbooks to enhance your knowledge and understanding of these topics.