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Are there any specific formulas or equations that I should memorize for the Physics optional subject?
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Are there any specific formulas or equations that I should memorize fo...
Formulas and Equations to Memorize for the Physics Optional Subject


1. Classical Mechanics


  • Newton's Laws of Motion: F = ma, where F is the force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration.

  • Gravitation: F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2, where F is the gravitational force, G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of two objects, and r is the distance between them.

  • Work and Energy: W = F * d * cos(theta), where W is the work done, F is the force, d is the displacement, and theta is the angle between the force and displacement vectors.

  • Momentum: p = mv, where p is the momentum, m is the mass, and v is the velocity.

  • Rotational Motion: I = mr^2, where I is the moment of inertia, m is the mass, and r is the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation.



2. Electromagnetism


  • Electric Field: E = k * (Q / r^2), where E is the electric field, k is the Coulomb's constant, Q is the charge, and r is the distance from the charge.

  • Gauss's Law: ∮E * dA = Q / ε₀, where ∮E * dA is the electric flux, Q is the charge enclosed by the surface, and ε₀ is the permittivity of free space.

  • Magnetic Field: B = (μ₀ * I) / (2πr), where B is the magnetic field, μ₀ is the permeability of free space, I is the current, and r is the distance from the wire.

  • Ampere's Law: ∮B * dl = μ₀ * I, where ∮B * dl is the magnetic flux, μ₀ is the permeability of free space, and I is the current enclosed by the loop.

  • Faraday's Law: ε = -dΦ / dt, where ε is the induced electromotive force, dΦ is the change in magnetic flux, and dt is the change in time.



3. Thermodynamics


  • First Law of Thermodynamics: ΔU = Q - W, where ΔU is the change in internal energy, Q is the heat added to the system, and W is the work done by the system.

  • Second Law of Thermodynamics: ΔS ≥ 0, where ΔS is the change in entropy.

  • Entropy: ΔS = Q / T, where ΔS is the change in entropy, Q is the heat added to the system, and T is the temperature.
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Are there any specific formulas or equations that I should memorize for the Physics optional subject?
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