Case studies are commonly included in exams to assess a candidate's ability to analyze and solve complex problems. These case studies are designed to simulate real-world scenarios and require candidates to apply their knowledge and skills to identify and recommend appropriate solutions. Here are a few examples of case studies that have been asked in previous exams:

1. Case Study: Sustainable Development in a Rural Village

- The case study presents a scenario where a rural village is facing challenges related to poverty, unemployment, and environmental degradation.
- The candidate is required to analyze the current situation, identify the root causes of the problems, and propose sustainable development strategies.
- Key points to consider:
- Assess the socio-economic conditions of the village, including the level of poverty and unemployment.
- Identify the environmental issues affecting the village, such as deforestation or water pollution.
- Propose strategies for poverty alleviation, such as creating employment opportunities or providing vocational training.
- Suggest measures for environmental conservation and sustainable resource management.
- Evaluate the potential impact of the proposed strategies and outline a plan for implementation.

2. Case Study: Healthcare Delivery in a Remote Area

- The case study presents a scenario where a remote area lacks access to quality healthcare services.
- The candidate is required to analyze the challenges faced by the community and recommend solutions to improve healthcare delivery.
- Key points to consider:
- Assess the healthcare infrastructure and services available in the area.
- Identify the barriers to healthcare access, such as geographical remoteness or lack of healthcare professionals.
- Propose strategies to overcome these barriers, such as mobile health clinics or telemedicine services.
- Address the issue of affordability by suggesting measures like health insurance or subsidies.
- Discuss the importance of community engagement and empowerment in improving healthcare outcomes.
- Evaluate the feasibility and sustainability of the proposed solutions and develop an implementation plan.

3. Case Study: Urban Traffic Management

- The case study presents a scenario where a city is experiencing severe traffic congestion and related problems.
- The candidate is required to analyze the causes of congestion and recommend strategies to improve urban traffic management.
- Key points to consider:
- Identify the factors contributing to traffic congestion, such as inadequate road infrastructure or inefficient traffic signal systems.
- Propose solutions to reduce congestion, such as developing public transportation systems or implementing carpooling initiatives.
- Discuss the importance of adopting smart technologies for traffic management, such as intelligent traffic signal systems or real-time traffic monitoring.
- Address the issue of pedestrian and cyclist safety by suggesting measures like dedicated lanes and traffic calming measures.
- Evaluate the potential impact of the proposed strategies and outline a plan for implementation.

Overall, case studies in exams provide candidates with an opportunity to demonstrate their problem-solving skills and apply their knowledge to real-world situations. By thoroughly analyzing the given scenarios and proposing appropriate solutions, candidates can showcase their ability to think critically and make informed decisions.