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What are the important plant diseases and their management strategies that I should be familiar with for Paper II of UPSC Botany Optional Subject?
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Important Plant Diseases and Their Management Strategies


Fungal Diseases


  • Late Blight of Potato and Tomato: Caused by Phytophthora infestans, it affects foliage and tubers/fruits. Management strategies include crop rotation, resistant varieties, proper irrigation, and timely application of fungicides.

  • Powdery Mildew: Caused by various fungi, it affects a wide range of plants. Management includes proper sanitation, use of resistant varieties, pruning, and fungicide applications.

  • Root Rot: Caused by several fungi, it affects the roots of plants. Management strategies include using well-drained soil, crop rotation, and seed treatment with fungicides.



Bacterial Diseases


  • Bacterial Leaf Blight of Rice: Caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, it affects rice plants. Management strategies include crop rotation, seed treatment, cultural practices, and use of resistant varieties.

  • Fire Blight: Caused by Erwinia amylovora, it affects apple, pear, and other fruit trees. Management includes pruning infected branches, using resistant varieties, and applying appropriate antibacterial sprays.

  • Citrus Canker: Caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, it affects citrus plants. Management strategies include pruning, copper-based sprays, and removal of infected plants.



Viral Diseases


  • Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Affects a wide range of plants, including tobacco, tomato, and peppers. Management includes removing and destroying infected plants, using virus-free seeds, and controlling insect vectors.

  • Potato Virus Y: Affects potato plants. Management strategies include using virus-free seed tubers, controlling aphids (vectors), and crop rotation.

  • Cucumber Mosaic Virus: Affects various vegetable crops. Management strategies include using virus-free seeds, controlling aphids, and removing infected plants.



Nematode Diseases


  • Root-Knot Nematodes: Affect a wide range of plants. Management includes crop rotation, use of resistant varieties, and soil solarization.

  • Cyst Nematodes: Affect various crops. Management strategies include crop rotation, resistant varieties, soil fumigation, and sanitation.

  • Root-Lesion Nematodes: Affect various crops. Management strategies include crop rotation, soil solarization, and use of resistant varieties.



Management Strategies:


  • Cultural Practices: Proper sanitation, crop rotation, timely irrigation, and pruning can help manage many plant diseases.

  • Use of
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What are the important plant diseases and their management strategies that I should be familiar with for Paper II of UPSC Botany Optional Subject?
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