Syllabus for Paper I of Electrical Engineering Optional Subject:

The syllabus for Paper I of Electrical Engineering Optional Subject in the UPSC exam is divided into various sections. Here is a detailed explanation of each section:

Section A: Electrical Circuits and Fields
1. Circuit Theory: Concepts of resistance, inductance, and capacitance, network theorems, transient and steady-state analysis of RL, RC and RLC circuits.
2. Two-port networks: Z, Y, h and transmission parameters, analysis of two-port networks, network functions for one-port and two-port networks.
3. Electric and Magnetic Fields: Gauss's Law and Ampere's Law, electromagnetic induction, Maxwell's equations, wave propagation in free space and conductive media, transmission lines.

Section B: Electrical Machines
1. DC Machines: Construction, working principles, characteristics and performance analysis of DC generators and motors, starting and speed control.
2. Transformers: Principles of operation, construction, equivalent circuit, regulation, efficiency, autotransformers, three-phase transformers, parallel operation.
3. Three-phase Induction Motors: Construction, principles of operation, torque-speed characteristics, starting and speed control methods, single-phase induction motors.

Section C: Power Systems
1. Power Generation: Thermal, hydro, nuclear, and renewable energy sources, power plant economics, load forecasting, power factor correction.
2. Transmission and Distribution: HVDC and FACTS concepts, power system stability, voltage control, power system protection, circuit breakers, and relays.
3. Power System Analysis: Load flow studies, short-circuit analysis, economic operation, power system harmonics, power system stability, fault analysis.

Section D: Control Systems
1. Mathematical Modeling and Representation of Systems: Block diagrams, signal flow graphs, transfer functions, state-space representation.
2. Feedback Control Systems: Time and frequency response analysis, stability analysis, PID controllers, root locus techniques, Bode plots, Nyquist criteria.
3. Basics of PLC and SCADA systems.

Section E: Electrical and Electronic Measurements
1. Measurement Techniques: Principles of measurement, accuracy, precision, standards, error analysis, measurement of voltage, current, power, energy, and power factor.
2. Instrument Transformers: CT and PT, measurement of resistance, inductance, capacitance, frequency, and phase angle.
3. Digital Voltmeters and Multimeters: Working principles, digital oscilloscopes, data acquisition systems, telemetry systems.

Section F: Analog and Digital Electronics
1. Analog Electronics: Characteristics of diodes, BJT and FET amplifiers, oscillators, rectifiers, filters, operational amplifiers, voltage regulators.
2. Digital Electronics: Boolean algebra, logic gates, combinational and sequential circuits, A/D and D/A converters, memories, microprocessors, microcontrollers.

Section G: Power Electronics and Drives
1. Power Semiconductor Devices: Characteristics, switching devices, drivers, snubber circuits, power electronic devices, converters, rectifiers, inverters.
2. Industrial Drives and Applications: Electric traction, industrial heating, power quality, power factor correction, electric and hybrid vehicles.

The syllabus for Paper I of Electrical Engineering Optional Subject covers a wide range of topics related to electrical engineering. It is essential for candidates to have a thorough