- Constitution of India and its salient features
- Fundamental rights, directive principles, and fundamental duties
- Union and State governments, their structure, and functions
- Parliament and its functioning
- Electoral system and political parties in India
- Panchayati Raj institutions and urban local bodies
- Judiciary, its independence, and judicial review
- Constitutional amendments and important judgments


- Economic planning in India
- Agriculture, industry, and services sectors
- Government budgeting and fiscal policy
- Monetary policy and banking system
- Public finance and taxation
- Foreign trade and balance of payments
- Infrastructure development and sustainable growth
- Poverty alleviation programs and inclusive growth


- Ancient India: Indus Valley Civilization, Vedic period, Mauryan Empire, Gupta Empire
- Medieval India: Delhi Sultanate, Mughal Empire, Bhakti and Sufi movements
- Modern India: British rule, Indian National Movement, post-independence India
- Indian art and architecture, literature, music, and dance forms
- Cultural diversity and regional heritage of India


- Physical geography of India: landforms, rivers, climate, and vegetation
- Environmental issues and conservation measures
- World geography: continents, oceans, major natural regions
- Geopolitics and international relations
- Indian and global demographic trends


- Basic concepts and principles of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology
- Recent developments in the field of science and technology
- Space technology and applications
- Information and communication technology
- Biotechnology and genetic engineering


- Recent national and international events
- Government schemes and initiatives
- Awards and honors
- Sports and games
- Books and authors
- Important personalities in various fields

It is important to note that while these topics have been frequently asked in previous year UPSC exams, the pattern and focus of questions may vary. Therefore, candidates should have a comprehensive understanding of these subjects and stay updated with current affairs to perform well in the exam.