Greenhouse Effect:
The greenhouse effect is a natural process that occurs on Earth. It is caused by certain gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapor (H2O), which trap heat from the sun and prevent it from escaping into space. This process is essential for maintaining a habitable temperature on Earth, as without it, the planet would be too cold to support life.

Global Warming:
Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes. It is a direct consequence of the enhanced greenhouse effect, where the increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere amplifies the warming effect.

Impacts of Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming:

1. Rising Temperatures: Global warming leads to a significant increase in average temperatures worldwide. This rise in temperature has several adverse effects, such as:

- Melting of glaciers and polar ice caps, leading to rising sea levels. This results in increased coastal erosion, submergence of low-lying areas, and loss of habitat for marine species.
- Heatwaves and extreme weather events become more frequent and intense, posing risks to human health, agriculture, and infrastructure.
- Changes in precipitation patterns, leading to droughts in some regions and increased rainfall in others, causing water scarcity and flooding.

2. Ecological Disruption: The greenhouse effect and global warming have far-reaching consequences for ecosystems and biodiversity.

- Shifts in habitats and migration patterns of species as they try to adapt to changing conditions. This can disrupt ecological balance and lead to the extinction of some species.
- Coral bleaching due to increased ocean temperatures, leading to the destruction of coral reefs and loss of marine biodiversity.
- Changes in the timing of seasonal events, such as flowering and migration, disrupting the delicate interactions between plants and animals.

3. Human Health Impact: Global warming also poses risks to human health.

- Increased prevalence of heat-related illnesses and deaths, especially among vulnerable populations.
- Spread of vector-borne diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever, as warmer temperatures expand the range of disease-carrying insects.
- Air pollution worsens as higher temperatures increase the formation of ground-level ozone and other pollutants, leading to respiratory problems and cardiovascular diseases.

4. Economic Consequences: The impacts of the greenhouse effect and global warming have significant economic implications.

- Increased costs for disaster response and recovery from extreme weather events like hurricanes, floods, and wildfires.
- Disruption of agricultural productivity due to changes in rainfall patterns and increased pest pressure.
- Economic losses in sectors dependent on natural resources, such as fishing and tourism, due to ecosystem degradation.

It is important to address the greenhouse effect and mitigate global warming through sustainable practices, transitioning to clean energy sources, and adopting climate change adaptation strategies to minimize the adverse impacts on societies and the environment.