Access Fees:
Most reputable academic journals and publications do not charge fees for accessing research papers. These papers are typically made available to the public free of charge to promote knowledge sharing and facilitate further research. However, there are a few exceptions to this general rule:

1. Paywalls: Some journals have a paywall system in place, where certain articles or the entire journal's content can only be accessed after payment of a fee. These fees are usually charged on a per-article basis or through subscriptions. However, it is important to note that many universities and research institutions have subscriptions to these journals, allowing their staff and students free access.

2. Open Access: Open access journals provide free access to their articles immediately upon publication. However, some open access journals may require authors to pay an article processing charge (APC) to cover the costs of the publication process. This fee, known as an author fee, is typically paid by the researcher or their institution.

Submission Fees:
Submitting research papers to academic journals and publications may involve certain fees. These fees are generally associated with the publication process and cover various expenses incurred by the journal, including peer review, editing, and typesetting. Here are a few important points to consider:

1. Page Charges: Some journals charge authors a fee per published page to cover the costs of publication. These charges are often waived for authors from low-income countries or can be covered by research grants.

2. Article Processing Charges (APCs): As mentioned earlier, some open access journals require authors to pay APCs to make their articles freely available online. These charges can vary significantly between journals and may be covered by research grants or institutions.

3. Waivers and Discounts: Many journals offer fee waivers or discounts for authors facing financial constraints, students, or researchers from developing countries. These options help ensure that publication fees do not become a barrier to disseminating research.

4. Traditional Journals: Traditional subscription-based journals usually do not charge submission fees. However, they may require authors to transfer their copyrights or grant exclusive publishing rights to the journal.

It is important to note that the existence and amount of fees vary among journals and publications. Researchers should carefully review the guidelines and policies of their target journals to understand any associated fees before submitting their work.