Limestone is a sedimentary rock that is primarily composed of calcium carbonate. It is formed through the accumulation and consolidation of the remains of marine organisms such as coral, shells, algae, and other calcium-rich organisms. Limestone is a very common rock and can be found all over the world.

Here is a detailed explanation of limestone, its formation, properties, and uses:

1. Formation of Limestone:
- Limestone is formed in shallow marine environments, where the accumulation of calcium-rich remains takes place.
- Over time, the accumulated remains are compacted and cemented together, forming a solid rock.
- Pressure and heat may further alter the limestone rock, resulting in different types of limestone formations.

2. Types of Limestone:
- There are various types of limestone based on their composition and formation process.
- Some common types include chalk, coquina, fossiliferous limestone, and travertine.

3. Properties of Limestone:
- Limestone is typically light in color, ranging from white to gray or yellowish.
- It is relatively soft compared to other rocks, making it easy to carve and shape.
- Limestone is often porous, allowing water to pass through it.
- It reacts with acids, such as vinegar or lemon juice, due to its calcium carbonate content.

4. Uses of Limestone:
- Limestone has numerous practical applications due to its abundance, durability, and versatility.
- It is a key ingredient in cement production, where it is crushed and mixed with other materials to create concrete.
- Limestone is used as a building material in the construction of homes, buildings, and monuments.
- It is also commonly used as a raw material in the production of lime, which has various industrial uses.
- Limestone is used in agriculture to neutralize acidic soils and provide essential nutrients to plants.
- It is a popular material for sculptures, statues, and decorative items due to its ease of carving and attractive appearance.

In conclusion, limestone is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate. It is formed through the accumulation and consolidation of marine organism remains. Limestone has various types, properties, and uses, ranging from construction and industrial applications to artistic and decorative purposes.