The correct answer is option 'C' - Frederick Taylor.

Frederick Taylor was an American engineer and management consultant who is often referred to as the father of scientific management. He advocated for a standard methodology for doing a task and suggested that workers should be motivated by pay according to their output, known as piecework.

Scientific Management:
Scientific management, also known as Taylorism, is a management theory developed by Frederick Taylor in the late 19th century. It aimed to improve efficiency and productivity in the workplace by applying scientific methods to the management of workers. Taylor believed that there was one best way to perform each task and that by studying and analyzing work processes, managers could determine the most efficient way to perform tasks and then train workers to do them in that way.

Standard Methodology:
Taylor advocated for the development of a standard methodology for performing tasks. He believed that managers should study each task in detail, break it down into its component parts, and then determine the most efficient way to perform each part. By identifying the most efficient methods, managers could then train workers to perform tasks in a standardized manner, ensuring consistency and reducing waste.

Pay according to Output (Piecework):
Taylor believed that workers should be motivated by pay based on their output, rather than receiving a fixed wage regardless of their performance. He introduced the concept of piecework, where workers were paid based on the number of units they produced or the amount of work they completed. This system was intended to motivate workers to increase their productivity and output in order to earn more money.

Impact and Criticism:
Taylor's ideas on scientific management had a significant impact on the field of management and are still influential today. His focus on efficiency, standardization, and the use of scientific methods helped to revolutionize industrial practices and increase productivity in many industries.

However, Taylor's approach also faced criticism. Critics argued that his emphasis on efficiency and productivity sometimes led to a disregard for the well-being and job satisfaction of workers. They believed that workers should be treated as individuals with their own unique skills and talents, rather than being viewed as mere cogs in a machine.

In conclusion, Frederick Taylor advocated for a standard methodology for performing tasks and suggested that workers should be motivated by pay according to their output. His ideas on scientific management had a significant impact on the field of management, although they also faced criticism for their potential disregard for worker well-being.