The correct answer is option 'B', Russia.

Bulava Ballistic Missile is a submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) developed by Russia. It is one of the most advanced strategic weapons in the Russian arsenal. Here is a detailed explanation of the development and features of the Bulava Ballistic Missile:

Development:
- The development of the Bulava missile began in the late 1990s as a replacement for the aging R-39 Rif SLBM.
- It was developed by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology under the guidance of chief designer Yuri Solomonov.
- The missile underwent several tests and modifications before it was successfully deployed in 2013.

Key Features:
1. Range and Payload:
- The Bulava missile has an estimated range of over 8,000 kilometers (5,000 miles).
- It can carry up to six independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs) with a yield of 100-150 kilotons each.
- This allows it to attack multiple targets with a single missile, increasing its effectiveness.

2. Launch Platform:
- The Bulava missile is specifically designed for deployment on Borei-class nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs).
- These submarines are capable of carrying up to 16 Bulava missiles, significantly enhancing Russia's strategic deterrence capabilities.

3. Advanced Technology:
- The missile features advanced technology to overcome missile defenses, including decoys and maneuvering reentry vehicles.
- It is equipped with a combination of solid-fuel rocket motors and liquid-fuel engines, providing it with the necessary speed and range.

4. Accuracy and Reliability:
- The Bulava missile has demonstrated a high degree of accuracy during test launches.
- Its advanced guidance system ensures precise targeting, making it a formidable weapon in Russia's nuclear arsenal.

Significance:
- The development of the Bulava missile is crucial for Russia's nuclear deterrence strategy.
- Its long-range capability and MIRV capability make it a potent weapon system, capable of striking targets thousands of kilometers away.
- The deployment of the Bulava missile on Borei-class submarines strengthens Russia's second-strike capability, ensuring a credible nuclear deterrent.

In conclusion, the Bulava Ballistic Missile was developed by Russia as a submarine-launched ballistic missile. Its advanced technology, long-range capability, and MIRV capability make it a formidable weapon in Russia's nuclear arsenal.