Cerebral malaria is caused by Plasmodium falciparum.

Explanation:

Cerebral malaria is a severe form of malaria that affects the brain. It is caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.

Plasmodium falciparum:
- Plasmodium falciparum is one of the five species of Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria in humans.
- It is the most dangerous and deadly species, responsible for the majority of malaria-related deaths worldwide.
- The parasite is commonly found in sub-Saharan Africa, where it has developed resistance to many antimalarial drugs.
- Plasmodium falciparum infects and destroys red blood cells, leading to the release of toxic substances and the formation of clumps that can block blood vessels.
- When the parasite reaches the brain, it can cause a severe inflammatory response, leading to brain damage and the development of cerebral malaria.

Symptoms of cerebral malaria:
- Cerebral malaria is characterized by a range of symptoms, including high fever, headache, confusion, seizures, coma, and neurological abnormalities.
- It can progress rapidly and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

Diagnosis and Treatment:
- Cerebral malaria is diagnosed through blood tests to detect the presence of the Plasmodium parasite.
- Treatment involves the use of antimalarial drugs, such as artemisinin-based combination therapies, which are effective against Plasmodium falciparum.
- Antimalarial treatment needs to be initiated as soon as possible to prevent complications and reduce the risk of death.

Prevention:
- The best way to prevent cerebral malaria is to prevent mosquito bites by using insect repellents, wearing protective clothing, and sleeping under bed nets.
- In areas where Plasmodium falciparum is prevalent, antimalarial prophylaxis may be recommended for travelers or individuals at high risk of infection.
- Vector control measures, such as mosquito breeding site reduction and insecticide-treated bed nets, are also crucial in preventing the transmission of malaria.

In conclusion, cerebral malaria is caused by Plasmodium falciparum, a parasite that is transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes. It is a severe form of malaria that affects the brain and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.