The techniques of ‘tessellation’ and ‘pietra dura&rs...
A technique can refer to a specific method or approach used to achieve a certain goal or outcome. In various fields and disciplines, there are different techniques that are commonly employed. Some examples of techniques include:
1. Scientific method: This is a systematic approach used in scientific research to investigate and understand phenomena. It involves making observations, formulating hypotheses, conducting experiments, and analyzing data to draw conclusions.
2. Meditation: Meditation techniques are practices that involve focusing the mind and achieving a state of mental clarity and relaxation. Examples include mindfulness meditation, transcendental meditation, and loving-kindness meditation.
3. Writing techniques: These are methods and strategies used by writers to improve their writing skills and effectively convey their ideas. Examples include brainstorming, outlining, using literary devices like metaphors and similes, and revising and editing.
4. Negotiation techniques: These are strategies and tactics used in the process of reaching an agreement or resolving conflicts. Examples include active listening, asking open-ended questions, finding common ground, and understanding the other party's perspective.
5. Drawing techniques: These are methods used in the art of drawing to create shapes, lines, textures, and shading. Examples include hatching, cross-hatching, stippling, and blending.
6. Problem-solving techniques: These are approaches used to solve problems and find solutions. Examples include brainstorming, breaking down the problem into smaller parts, using logical reasoning, and considering multiple perspectives.
7. Time management techniques: These are strategies used to manage and prioritize tasks and activities effectively. Examples include creating to-do lists, setting goals and deadlines, using time-blocking, and minimizing distractions.
8. Cooking techniques: These are methods used in cooking to prepare and cook ingredients. Examples include sautéing, boiling, grilling, baking, and braising.
Overall, techniques are tools or methods employed in various domains to achieve desired outcomes or results. They often involve a systematic approach and require practice and skill development.
The techniques of ‘tessellation’ and ‘pietra dura&rs...
- The decorative forms of Indo-Islamic architecture included designing on plaster through incision or stucco. The designs were either left plain or covered with colors.
- Motifs were also painted on or carved in stone. These motifs included varieties of flowers, both from the sub-continent and places outside, particularly Iran,
- The lotus bud fringe was used to great advantage in the inner curves of the arches.
- Walls were also decorated with cypress, chinar, and other trees as also with flower vases,
- Many complex designs of flower motifs decorating the ceilings were also to be found on textiles and carpets.
- In the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries tiles were also used to surface the walls and the domes.
- Popular colors were blue, turquoise, green, and yellow.
- Subsequently, the techniques of tessellation (mosaic designs) and pietra dura were made use of for surface decoration, particularly in the dado panels of the walls.
- At times lapis lazuli was used in the interior walls or on canopies.
- Other decorations included arabesque, calligraphy and high and low relief carving, and profuse use of jalis. The high-relief carving has a three-dimensional look. The arches were plain and squat and sometimes high and pointed.
- From the sixteenth century onwards arches were designed with trefoil or multiple foliations.
- Spandrels of the arches were decorated with medallions or bosses.
- The roof was a mix of the central dome and other smaller domes, chhatris, and tiny minarets. The central dome was topped with an inverted lotus flower motif and a metal or stone pinnacle.
- Hence option (d) is the correct answer.
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